ASTM D1667-05(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsPoly (Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials<char: emdash>Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) foam or copolymers thereof. Materials shall be produced in sheet, strip, molded, or simple specific shapes. Complete details about apparatuses needed, specimen preparation, and procedures for the testing of compression deflection, compression set under constant deflection, and water absorption are thoroughly itemized.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof.
1.2 In the case of conflict between the provisions of this specification and those of detailed specifications or methods of test for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.
1.3 Reference to the methods for testing closed-cell poly(vinyl chloride) contained herein shall specifically state the particular test or tests desired and not refer to these methods of test as a whole.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portions only of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation:D1667 −05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Flexible Cellular Materials—Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Foam
(Closed-Cell)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1667; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
Oven
1.1 This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-
D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
thereof.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 In the case of conflict between the provisions of this
specification and those of detailed specifications or methods of 3. Terminology
test for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Reference to the methods for testing closed-cell poly- 3.1.1 closed cell—an expanded structure consisting of a
(vinyl chloride) contained herein shall specifically state the multitude of individual, non-connecting, gas-tight cells.
particular test or tests desired and not refer to these methods of
3.1.2 flexible cellular material—a cellular organic poly-
test as a whole.
meric material which will not rupture when a specimen 200 by
25 by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around at 25-mm (1-in.)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in 5 s at a
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
temperature between 18 and 29°C (65 and 85°F).
information only.
3.1.3 surface skin—the smooth surface on the material
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the
formed during manufacture by contact with the molds, cover
test method portions only of this specification: This standard
plate, or air.
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
3.1.4 V—the ASTM symbol designating nonrigid vinyl
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
cellular plastics.
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
3.1.5 vinyl or PVC—these terms refer to poly(vinyl chlo-
to use.
ride) or copolymers thereof.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
4. Materials and Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Closed-cell vinyl is produced in sheet, strip, molded, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
simple specific shapes.
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
5. Grades of Closed-Cell Vinyl or PVC-Symbol VE
1 5.1 Closed-cell vinyl shall be designated by two symbol
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular letters VE, indicating V for vinyl and E for closed cell. The
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
grade shall be designated by two digits, the first of which
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
designates closed cell, and the second of which indicates the
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1667 - 05. DOI:
degree of firmness, the softer grades being identified with the
10.1520/D1667-05R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
lower numbers and the firmer grades with the higher numbers.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
NOTE 2—Examples—VE-41 is a closed cell (expanded) vinyl of soft
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. grade (see Table 1).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1667−05 (2011)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Closed Cell Vinyl Products,
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Type VE
7.1 Closed cell vinyl furnished under this specification shall
Requirements
be manufactured from poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers
Basic Requirements Added by
Suffix Letters
thereof, together with the added compounding ingredients of
Compression
such nature and quality that the finished product complies with
Deflection, Suffix L Water
the specification requirements. In permitting a choice in use of
Suffix B
25 % Absorption, max
materials by the manufacturer, it is not intended to imply that
Deflection
the different materials are equivalent in respect to all physical
Compression
Set, 25 %
properties. Any special characteristics, other than those pre-
Deflection,
scribed in this specification, which may be desired for specific
22hat
2 2
Grade kg/m cut lb/ft cut
applications shall be designated in the product specifications as
kPa (psi) Room
Number surface surface
Temperature,
they may influence the choice of the type of poly(vinyl
24 h
chloride) or other ingredients used. All materials and work-
Recovery, %
manship shall be in accordance with good commercial practice
max
and the resulting product shall be free of defects affecting
VE-40 3.5 to 15 (0.5 to 2) 20 0.5 0.1
VE-41 15 to 35(2 to 5) 20 0.5 0.1
serviceability.
VE-42 35 to 65(5 to 9) 20 0.5 0.1
VE-43 65 to 90(9 to 13) 20 0.5 0.1
7.2 Due to manufacturing conditions, material may have to
VE-44 90 to 120(13 to 17) 20 0.5 0.1
be altered or repaired. This repaired or altered material will be
VE-45 120 to 170(17 to 25) 20 0.5 0.1
acceptable under this specification provided the material used
in such repairs or alterations shall be of the same composition
and quality as the original product and provided such altera-
tionsdonotaffecttheserviceability,size,andshapebeyondthe
5.2 If suffix tests are required, suffix letters shall be added
tolerances provided herein.
singly or in combination after any grade number to indicate
additional requirements beyond those specified in Table 1 as
8. Color
basic requirements. The significance of the approved suffix
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, the color of the material
letters is as follows:
shall be optional with the manufacturer.
B—Compression Set under Constant Deflection
A
C—Weather Resistance
A
9. Sampling
D—Load Deflection
A
E—Oil Resistance
9.1 When possible the completed manufactured product
F—Low Temperature—18°C (0°F)
A
shall be used for the tests specified. Representative samples of
G—Tear Resistance
A
H1—Flex Resistance (Dynamic)
the lot being examined shall be selected at random as required.
A
J—Abrasion Resistance
A
K2—Adhesion (Cemented Bond Made After Molding)
9.2 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test speci-
L—Water Absorption Test Required with Values as Specified in Table 1
mensfromthearticle,asinthosecaseswheretheentiresample
A
M—Flame Resistance
A
is not required or adaptable for testing, the method of cutting
P—Non-Staining
A
R1—Rebound
and the exact position from which specimens are to be taken
A
R2—Energy Absorption
shall be specified. The apparent density and the state of fusion
A
S—Volume Change after Heat Aging
A
could vary in different parts of the finished product, particu-
W—Density
A
Z—Special Requirements
larly if the article is of complicated shape or of varying
A
Test method and values to be arranged between the manufacturer and the thickness. These features affect the physical properties of the
purchaser.
specimens. The apparent density is affected by the number of
cut surfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered surfaces
6. Tolerances on Dimensions
on the test specimen.
6.1 Tolerances on dimensions of closed-cell vinyl products
9.3 When the finished product does not lend itself to testing
are given in Table 2.
or to the taking of test specimens because of complicated
shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, adhesion to metal, or
other reasons, suitable test slabs shall be prepared as agreed
between the supplier and purchaser. When differences arise,
TABLE 2 Tolerances on Dimensions of Closed Cell Vinyl
due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test specimens from
Products
the finished part, the supplier and the purchaser shall agree on
Thickness, mm (in.) Tolerance, mm (in.)
acceptable deviations.
3 to 15 (0.118 to 0.590) ±2 (0.079)
15 to 40 (0.590 to 1.574) ±2.5 (0.098)
Over 40 (over 1.574) ±3 (0.118)
10. Physical Properties
Length and Width, mm (in.) Tolerance, mm (in.)
Up to 150 (up to 6) ±6 (0.236)
10.1 The various grades of closed-cell vinyl shall conform
150 to 300 (6 to 12) ±10 (0.393)
totherequirementsastobasicphysicalpropertiesprescribedin
Over 300 (over 12) ±3 %
Table 1, together with any additional requirements indicated.
D1667−05 (2011)
11. Test Methods 15.4 Results reported shall be the average of a minimum of
three measurements.
11.1 Unless specifically stated otherwise, make all tests in
accordance with the methods specified in Section 14.
COMPRESSION DEFLECTION TEST METHOD
12. Inspection and Rejection
16. Scope
12.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of
16.1 This test consists of measuring the force necessary to
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified.
2 2
producea25 %deflectionona650-mm (1-in. )testspecimen.
12.2 The purchaser reserves the right to make the tests and
inspection for acceptance or rejection of the material at the
17. Apparatus
laboratory of his choice.
17.1 The apparatus used for this test shall have a flat
12.3 Any material that fails in one or more of the test
indentor foot, larger than the specimen being tested, connected
requirements shall be retested. For this purpose, two additional
to a force-measuring device, and mounted in such a manner
tests shall be made for the requirement in which failure
that the specimen shall be deflected at a rate between 0.2 and
occurred. Failure of either of the tests shall be cause for final
0.8mm/s(0.5and2.0in./min).Theapparatusshallbearranged
rejection.
to support the specimen on a level, horizontal plate.
12.4 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by
the manufacturer.
18. Test Specimens
2 2
13. Packaging and Package Marking
18.1 The specimens shall be cylinders 650 mm (1 in.)in
area with parallel top and bottom surfaces.They shall be cut so
13.1 The material shall be properly and adequately pack-
that opposite edges are parallel, either from the finished
aged. Each package or container shall be legibly marked with
product in a manner agreed upon between the manufacturer
the name of the material, name or trademark of the
and the purchaser, or from standard test slabs, or from
manufacturer, and any required purchaser’s designations.
commercial flat sheets. The thickness of the test specimens
14. General Test Methods shall be measured and stated in the report. Maximum thickness
shallbe25mm(1.0in.).Thespecimensshallbecutwitheither
14.1 The following tests shall be applicable in the physical
a revolving die or oscillating cutter. Use a soap solution if a
testing of closed cell poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers
lubricant is needed. If a lubricant is used, the specimen shall be
thereof:
thoroughly dried before proceeding with the testing. In some
14.1.1 Compression Deflection—Test method described in
cases, it may be necessary to freeze the cellular vinyl to obtain
Sections 16-20.
parallel cut edges.
14.1.2 Compression Set Under Constant Deflection—Test
method described in Sections 21-25.
NOTE 4—Other specimen sizes can be used as agreed upon between
14.1.3 Water Absorption—Test method described in Sec-
user and supplier.
tions 26-30.
19. Procedure
NOTE 3—Additional test methods are listed in the appendix.
19.1 Test closed-cell vinyl (grades VE-40 to VE-45)
15. Measurement of Test Specimens
samples less than 6.0 mm (0.236 in.) in thickness by plying up
15.1 The length and width shall be measured with a steel
to obtain a thickness as near 12.5 mm ( ⁄2 in.) as possible.
scale or tape. Care shall be taken not to distort the material.
Deflect the specimen 25 % of its original height. Maintain the
deflectionat25 %withautomaticormanualcontrolandrecord
15.2 Thicknesses up to and including 25 mm (1 in.) shall be
the force in newtons or pounds force 60 s after the 25 %
measured using a dial-type gage having a maximum stem and
deflection is reached. The result obtained in this test is
foot mass of 25 g and a foot 32 mm (1.25 in.) in diameter,
influenced by temperature, and tests that are to be compared
taking care not to compress the specimen. Thicknesses over 25
shallbeconductedundersubstantiallythesametemperature.In
mm (1 in.) shall be measured using a sliding caliper gage or as
all cases, report the actual temperature during the test.
specified in 15.1. When a sliding caliper gage is employed the
gagesettingshallbemadewiththegageoutofcontactwiththe
19.2 In case of dispute perform the test at a temperature of
closed cell vinyl. The specimen shall be passed through the
23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8°F). Condition the specimen undeflected
previously set gage, and the proper setting shall be the one
and undistorted at this temperature for at least 12 h before
whenthemeasuredfacesofthegagecontactthesurfacesofthe
testing. Ordinarily only one test shall be made, but in case of
article without compressing it.
dispute express the result as the average of three tests on three
different specimens.
15.3 The steel scale or tape used to measure length or width
shall be graduated in divisions not over 1 mm (0.031 in.). The
NOTE 5—Humidity does not affect the results.
dial gage for measuring thickness shall be graduated in
divisions not over 0.02 mm (0.001 in.). The calipers used for
20. Report
measuring thickness shall be graduated in divisions not over
0.1 mm (0.005 in.). 20.1 Report the unit force required, expressed in kPa or psi.
D1667−05 (2011)
COMPRESSION SET UNDER CONSTANT thickness. Skin on one or both sides of the specimen is
DEFLECTION (SUFFIX B) allowable. Only one test specimen is necessary for a valid test.
28. Apparatus
21. Scope
28.1 Suggested equipment:
21.1 This test determines the compression set after constant
28.1.1 10ftPVCColumnoranypressurizedtankcapableof
deflection at room temperature 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8°F).
obtaining 30 kPa (4.35 psi).
22. Apparatus
28.1.2 Retaining cage with weight for submersion of speci-
men.
22.1 The apparatus and procedure shall be the same as that
28.1.3 Hose at bottom of pipe for dra
...
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