ASTM E1746-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sampling and Analysis of Liquid Chlorine for Gaseous Impurities
Standard Test Method for Sampling and Analysis of Liquid Chlorine for Gaseous Impurities
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is very difficult to exclude sample contamination by ambient air during the process of sampling. The levels of atmospheric contamination caused by poor sampling methods are often equal to or larger than the levels of the gaseous impurities present in the chlorine. This results in markedly elevated levels of detected impurities. As specifications become tighter, it becomes more important to measure the gaseous impurity levels in liquid chlorine correctly.
Additional problems are experienced in the sampling of liquefied gases for the gaseous impurities. The gaseous impurities reach an equilibrium between the liquid phase and vapor phase in a sample bomb. The quantity of gases measured in any particular sample containing both liquid and vapor will be a function of the amount of vapor space in the sample bomb. This test method avoids the presence of liquid in the sample bomb.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers sampling and analysis of liquid chlorine for the determination of oxygen (200 to 400 μg/g), nitrogen (400 to 800 μg/g), and carbon dioxide (800 to 1000 ppm) content at levels normally seen in liquid chlorine. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations in liquid chlorine are typically at or below the detection limit of this test method.
Note 1—The minimum detection limit of hydrogen using a 1 cm3 gas sample and argon carrier gas is 100 to 200 μg/g. The detection limit for the other components is significantly lower.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: E1746 − 08
Standard Test Method for
Sampling and Analysis of Liquid Chlorine for Gaseous
1
Impurities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 173.315 Compressed Gases in Cargo Tanks and Portable
Tank Containers
1.1 This test method covers sampling and analysis of liquid
2.2 Other Document:
chlorine for the determination of oxygen (200 to 400 µg/g),
Chlorine Institute Pamphlet No. 77 Sampling Liquid Chlo-
nitrogen (400 to 800 µg/g), and carbon dioxide (800 to 1000
4
rine
ppm) content at levels normally seen in liquid chlorine.
Hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations in liquid chlo-
3. Summary of Test Method
rine are typically at or below the detection limit of this test
3.1 Asampleofliquidchlorineistrappedinasamplingtube
method.
and vaporized into a steel bomb. The vaporized chlorine in the
3
NOTE 1—The minimum detection limit of hydrogen usinga1cm gas
steel bomb is introduced into a gas chromatograph by a gas
2
sample and argon carrier gas is 100 to 200 µg/g. The detection limit for
3
sampling loop (1 cm ) using a ten-port gas sampling and
the other components is significantly lower.
switching valve. The separations are made on a Porapak® Q
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
column and on a 5Amolecular sieve column whose lengths are
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
such that the peaks do not overlap.
standard.
3.2 Any component that co-elutes with the components of
1.3 ReviewthecurrentMaterialSafetyDataSheets(MSDS)
interest may interfere with this analysis.
for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
procedures, and safety precautions. 4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 It is very difficult to exclude sample contamination by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ambient air during the process of sampling. The levels of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
atmospheric contamination caused by poor sampling methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are often equal to or larger than the levels of the gaseous
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
impurities present in the chlorine. This results in markedly
statements are given in Section 7.
elevated levels of detected impurities. As specifications be-
come tighter, it becomes more important to measure the
2. Referenced Documents
gaseous impurity levels in liquid chlorine correctly.
3
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations:
4.2 Additional problems are experienced in the sampling of
49 CFR 173, Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, Trans-
liquefied gases for the gaseous impurities. The gaseous impu-
portation: Shippers’General Requirements for Shipments
rities reach an equilibrium between the liquid phase and vapor
and Packaging, including the following sections:
phaseinasamplebomb.Thequantityofgasesmeasuredinany
173.304 Charging of Cylinders with Liquefied Compressed
particular sample containing both liquid and vapor will be a
Gas
function of the amount of vapor space in the sample bomb.
173.314 Requirements for Compressed Gases in Tank Cars
This test method avoids the presence of liquid in the sample
bomb.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
5. Apparatus
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.16 on Industrial and Specialty Product Standards.
5.1 Gas Chromatograph—Shimadzu GC-8AIT equipped as
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
ε1
shown in Fig. 1, or equivalent, equipped with a thermal
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1746– 95 (2001) .
DOI: 10.1520/E1746-08.
conductivity detector.
2
Thompson, B., Fundamentals of Gas Chromatography, Varian Instruments
Division, Sunnyvale, CA, p. 73.
3
4
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 AvailablefromTheChlorineInstitute,Inc.,2001LStreetNW,Washington,DC
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 20036-4919.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1746 − 08
FIG. 1 Chlorine Impurity Analysis System Flow Diagram
6
5.2 Recorder, 1 mV, 0.5 s full-scale response. 5.5.2 0.8 m of 80/100 mesh Shimalite® Q,
6
5.5.3 1 m of 80/100 mesh Shimalite®
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1746–95 (Reapproved 2001) Designation:E1746–08
Standard Test Method for
Sampling and Analysis of Liquid Chlorine for Gaseous
1
Impurities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in August 2001.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers sampling and analysis of liquid chlorine for the determination of oxygen (200 to 400 ppm),µg/g),
nitrogen (400 to 800 ppm),µg/g), and carbon dioxide (800 to 1000 ppm) content at levels normally seen in liquid chlorine.
Hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations in liquid chlorine are typically at or below the detection limit of this test method.
3
2
NOTE 1—The minimum detection limit of hydrogen usinga1cm gas sample and argon carrier gas is 100 to 200 ppm.µg/g. The detection limit for
the other components is significantly lower.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures,
and safety precautions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
1.3Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures,
and safety precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations:
49 CFR 173, Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, Transportation: Shippers’ General Requirements for Shipments and
Packaging, including the following sections:
173.304 Charging of Cylinders with Liquefied Compressed Gas
173.314 Requirements for Compressed Gases in Tank Cars
173.315 Compressed Gases in Cargo Tanks and Portable Tank Containers
2.2 Other Document:
4
Chlorine Institute Pamphlet No. 77 Sampling Liquid Chlorine
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of liquid chlorine is trapped in a sampling tube and vaporized into a steel bomb. The vaporized chlorine in the
3
steel bomb is introduced into a gas chromatograph by a gas sampling loop (1 cm ) using a ten-port gas sampling and switching
valve. The separations are made on a Porapakt Q column and on a 5A molecular sieve column whose lengths are such that the
peaks do not overlap.
3.2 Any component that co-elutes with the components of interest may interfere with this analysis.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It is very difficult to exclude sample contamination by ambient air during the process of sampling.The levels of atmospheric
contamination caused by poor sampling methods are often equal to or larger than the levels of the gaseous impurities present in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E15 on Industrial and Specialty Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E15.02 on
Product Standards.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1746-95(2001 .
2
Thompson, B., Fundamentals of Gas Chromatography, Varian Instruments Division, Sunnyvale, CA, p. 73.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
4
Available from The Chlorine Institute, Inc., 2001 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036-4919.20036-4919.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1746–08
the chlorine. This results in markedly elevated levels of detected impurities. As specifications become tighter, it becomes more
important to measure the gaseous impurity levels in liquid chlorine correctly.
4.2 Additional problems are experienced in the sampling of liquefied gases for the gaseous impurities. The gaseous impurities
reach an equilibrium between the liqu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1746–95 (Reapproved 2001) Designation:E1746–08
Standard Test Method for
Sampling and Analysis of Liquid Chlorine for Gaseous
1
Impurities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in August 2001.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers sampling and analysis of liquid chlorine for the determination of oxygen (200 to 400 ppm),µg/g),
nitrogen (400 to 800 ppm),µg/g), and carbon dioxide (800 to 1000 ppm) content at levels normally seen in liquid chlorine.
Hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations in liquid chlorine are typically at or below the detection limit of this test method.
3
2
NOTE 1—The minimum detection limit of hydrogen usinga1cm gas sample and argon carrier gas is 100 to 200 ppm.µg/g. The detection limit for
the other components is significantly lower.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures,
and safety precautions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
1.3Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures,
and safety precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations:
49 CFR 173, Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, Transportation: Shippers’ General Requirements for Shipments and
Packaging, including the following sections:
173.304 Charging of Cylinders with Liquefied Compressed Gas
173.314 Requirements for Compressed Gases in Tank Cars
173.315 Compressed Gases in Cargo Tanks and Portable Tank Containers
2.2 Other Document:
4
Chlorine Institute Pamphlet No. 77 Sampling Liquid Chlorine
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of liquid chlorine is trapped in a sampling tube and vaporized into a steel bomb. The vaporized chlorine in the
3
steel bomb is introduced into a gas chromatograph by a gas sampling loop (1 cm ) using a ten-port gas sampling and switching
valve. The separations are made on a Porapakt Q column and on a 5A molecular sieve column whose lengths are such that the
peaks do not overlap.
3.2 Any component that co-elutes with the components of interest may interfere with this analysis.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It is very difficult to exclude sample contamination by ambient air during the process of sampling.The levels of atmospheric
contamination caused by poor sampling methods are often equal to or larger than the levels of the gaseous impurities present in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E15 on Industrial and Specialty Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E15.02 on
Product Standards.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1746-95(2001 .
2
Thompson, B., Fundamentals of Gas Chromatography, Varian Instruments Division, Sunnyvale, CA, p. 73.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
4
Available from The Chlorine Institute, Inc., 2001 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036-4919.20036-4919.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1746–08
the chlorine. This results in markedly elevated levels of detected impurities. As specifications become tighter, it becomes more
important to measure the gaseous impurity levels in liquid chlorine correctly.
4.2 Additional problems are experienced in the sampling of liquefied gases for the gaseous impurities. The gaseous impurities
reach an equilibrium between the liqu
...
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