ASTM D2813-03(2021)

• Abstract:

  SIGNIFICANCE AND USE; 4.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of finished leather and fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests. Leather is a natural product and as such is subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical properties vary considerably depending on location on the hide, side or skin from which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice defines these parameters.; SCOPE; 1.1 This practice covers the sampling of finished leather and fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests. The product is grouped into lots that are randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. This sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety. ; 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ; 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2021
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.07 - Physical Properties

• Refers: ASTM D1610-01(2013) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D1610-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Refers: ASTM D1610-01 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D1610-00 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001

Overview

ASTM D2813-03(2021), Standard Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests, provides internationally recognized guidelines for the random sampling of finished leather and fabricated leather items. Developed by ASTM, this standard ensures that sampling procedures yield a representative sample, minimizing bias and variability. Accurate sample selection is essential because leather’s natural characteristics vary widely within a hide and across manufactured lots. Proper adherence to this standard enables reliable test results for both physical and chemical properties, allowing manufacturers, buyers, and regulatory bodies to make informed decisions about product compliance and quality.

Key Topics

• Random Sampling Procedures
  The standard details procedures to ensure randomness in sampling, which is vital due to the natural variability in leather. Test specimens must be taken from predetermined locations and orientations to minimize bias.

• Lot and Unit Definition

  • Lot/Batch: Group of units manufactured under similar conditions, of the same type, grade, and composition.
  • Unit: Individual piece of leather or fabricated leather item in the form it is purchased.

• Sample Preparation

  • Ensure specimens are free of visual defects such as cuts or scratches.
  • For physical tests, the long dimension of each specimen should generally be perpendicular to the backbone line of the hide.
  • For chemical tests, use clean, uncontaminated remnants from physical test samples, prepared and stored in suitable conditions.

• Sample Size and Selection

  • The quantity of samples taken depends on the reliability of test results and the variability of leather properties.
  • Units are to be selected without regard to quality, from locations scattered throughout the lot.

• Testing Conditions

  • Physical tests are conducted under controlled atmospheric conditions, typically 50% ± 4% relative humidity at 23 ± 1°C, as referenced by ASTM D1610.

• Documentation and Compliance

  • Samples may be used to determine lot compliance with specification requirements for acceptance or rejection.

Applications

The practices outlined in ASTM D2813-03(2021) are applied across various segments of the leather industry, supporting quality assurance and regulatory compliance:

• Quality Control in Manufacturing
  Enables manufacturers to monitor the consistency and performance of finished leather goods and raw hides, ensuring products meet necessary specifications.

• Product Certification and Regulatory Testing
  Provides a standardized method for regulatory bodies and third-party labs to evaluate compliance with industry and governmental requirements.

• Research and Development
  Facilitates the development of new leather products by providing reliable, repeatable sampling methods for material characterization.

• Procurement and Supplier Qualification
  Assists purchasing teams and inspectors in assessing consignment quality consistently when receiving lots from various suppliers.

Related Standards

Several other ASTM standards are directly relevant to the sampling and testing of leather:

• ASTM D1610 - Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing: Specifies environmental conditions for preconditioning leather before testing.
• ISO Leather Testing Standards - International standards for physical and chemical testing of leather often reference or align with ASTM sampling methods.
• ASTM D2813 is recognized by agencies such as the U.S. Department of Defense and aligns with principles established by the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

By following ASTM D2813-03(2021), stakeholders within the leather industry can ensure reliable sampling for physical and chemical testing, leading to high product quality and adherence to international best practices.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2813 − 03 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2813; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope (1) Units of product of similar size and type.
(2) Tanning and finishing material obtained from the same
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of finished leather and
producer (functionally equivalent).
fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests. The
(3) A single product method.
product is grouped into lots that are randomly sampled in such
(4) Sequential production batches.
a manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. This
3.1.3 unit—a piece of leather in the form in which it is
sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with
purchased, such as a single hide, skin, or any part thereof, or a
applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of
single fabricated-leather article in the form in which it is
results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.
purchased, such as a counter, pair of shoes, a gasket, etc.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
been designed to ensure random sampling of finished leather
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Leather is a natural product and as such is subject to extensive
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
variability. The physical and chemical properties vary consid-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
erably depending on location on the hide, side or skin from
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and variability. This practice defines these parameters.
2. Referenced Documents
2 5. Conditioning
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod- 5.1 Physical tests of leather and leather products, unless
ucts for Testing otherwise specified in the applicable test method, specification,
or procurement document, shall be performed under standard
3. Terminology
atmospheric conditions as described in Practice D1610, which
is 50 6 4 % relative humidity at a temperature of 23 61°C
3.1 Definitions:
(73.4 6 2 °F).
3.1.1 lot (or batch)—units of products from a single type,
grade, class, size, and composition, manufactured under essen-
6. Procedure
tially the same conditions and time.
6.1 Prior to sampling, identify the product properly as a lot
3.1.2 Leather in formed lots should be produced from:
or batch.
6.2 Select units from locations scattered throughout the lot,
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather and
not from the same portion of the lot, such as a single carton,
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties. This
layer, etc. Take without regard to quality.
practice was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Standard Method J 1 – 1956).
6.2.1 The number of samples taken depends on the reliabil-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
ity of the test results, the deviation of the properties, and the
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2813 – 08 (2013).
error of the testing procedure. The number of samples taken
DOI: 10.1520/D2813-03R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or may be at the discretion of the user and the related test method
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and should also be recorded on the test report.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Docum
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