ASTM D5652-95(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Bolted Connections in Wood and Wood-Base Products
Standard Test Methods for Bolted Connections in Wood and Wood-Base Products
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for evaluating the strength and stiffness of single-bolted connections in wood or wood-base products when subjected to static loading. These test methods serve as a basis for determining the effects of various factors on the strength and stiffness of the connection.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5652 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Bolted Connections in Wood and Wood-Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope compressive or tensile forces applied at a constant rate of
deformation with a suitable testing machine. The deformation
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for evaluating the
of the connection at various intervals of loading is measured.
strength and stiffness of single-bolted connections in wood or
Supplementary physical properties of the wood or wood-based
wood-based products when subjected to static loading. These
members are also determined.
test methods serve as a basis for determining the effects of
various factors on the strength and stiffness of the connection.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Connections are one of the weakest links in wood
as the standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information
construction. While the strength of metal bolts and of wood or
only.
wood-based products are ascertainable, a full evaluation of the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance of the combination is only possible through the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
testing of a complete connection. Such variables as member
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thickness, member width, end and edge distances, type of bolt,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fabrication tolerances, moisture content of the wood or wood-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
based product, preservative or fire-retardant treatment of the
2. Referenced Documents wood or wood-based product, and species of wood may affect
connection behavior. In order to develop design criteria for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
established bolt types as well as those under development, the
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
effect of these variables on connection strength and stiffness
Wood-Base Materials
must be known. The tests described herein permit the obser-
D 2915 Method for Evaluating Allowable Properties for
vation of data on the strength and stiffness of wood or
Grades of Structural Lumber
wood-based connections, or both, under the influence of any or
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
all of these factors.
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
E 4 Practice for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5. Apparatus
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
5.1 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine capable
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
4 of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head
Washers, and Rivets
and having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-
2.2 Federal Specification:
5 dance with Practices E 4.
Fed. Spec. FF-W-92 for Washers, Metal, Flat (Plain)
5.2 Spherical Bearing Block, for compressive loading of
3. Summary of Test Methods specimens.
5.3 Grips—Gripping devices capable of attaching the speci-
3.1 Specimens consisting of at least one wood or wood-
men to the stationary and moving heads of the testing machine
based member fastened with one bolt to at least one other
in such a way as to ensure true axial tensile loads.
member of any material are evaluated for capacity to resist
5.4 Deformation Gages—At least two dial gages with a
least reading of 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) or other suitable devices
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on for measuring the slip between connection members during
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assem-
load application.
blies.
Current edition approved Jan 15, 1995. Published March 1995.
6. Sampling
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
6.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representative
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
test specimens that are appropriate to the objectives of the
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
testing program.
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5652
6.2 Estimate sample size in accordance with the procedures
of Method D 2915.
NOTE 1—The precision required, and thus, the manner of sampling and
the number of tests, depend upon the specific test objectives. No specific
criteria can therefore be established. General experience indicates that the
coefficients of variation from tests on connections range from approxi-
mately 15 to 30 %.
7. Sampling: Test Specimens and Test Units
7.1 Select wood members, and position the bolt in them in
such a way that the results are not affected by knots, cross
grain, or other natural or manufacturing characteristics unless
thepurposeofthetestmethodsistoevaluatetheeffectsofsuch
growth characteristics. When the affects of growth character-
istics are not being evaluated, wood members shall be essen-
tially clear and straight-grained. For wood-based products,
select specimens with regard to manufactured characteristics.
7.2 Connections Containing One Bolt:
7.2.1 Make tests on three-member connections as shown in
Figs. 1-3 except where specific data on two- or multiple-
memberconnectionsarebeingsought.Selectthewidth,length,
and thickness of the members with consideration of required
edge and end distances. Member dimensions shall be represen-
tative of the intended use of the connection.
7.2.2 For connections involving metal or other side mem-
bers (such as panel materials), the side member thickness shall
be that anticipated in service. For all-wood joints, the thickness
of each side member shall be at least one half of the thickness
of the center member and width and length of all members
shall be selected with consideration of required edge and end
distances for a specific application. Minimum end distance
shall be four bolt diameters for compression loading and seven
bolt diameters for tension loading, unless the effect of various
end distances is to be studied.
7.2.3 The excess of bolt-hole diameter over bolt diameter
1 1
shall be ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) for bolts ⁄2 in. (13 mm) or less in
diameter, and ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) for bolts of larger diameter,
unless other bolt-hole diameters are specified.
FIG. 1 Assembly for Testing Bolted Connections Parallel to Grain
7.2.3.1 Bolt-holes shall be precisely bored perpendicular to
in Tension
the surface, so that the surface of the hole is smooth and
uniform to ensure good bearing of the bolt. Holes shall be
drilled after members are conditioned unless the purpose of the
test is to study the effect of shrinkage on the performance of
bolted connections.
7.2.4 Bolts shall be of sufficient length to penetrate all
members without having any member bear on the bolt threads.
7.2.5 Place heavy round washers conforming to Fed. Spec.
FF-W-92 for washers, metal, flat (plain), and hereafter referred
to as a standard washer, between wood or wood-based side
members and bolt head and nut. Bring abutting faces of
connection members into normally installed contact; then back
off the nut and retighten to “finger tightness”.
FIG. 2 Assembly for Testing Bolted Connections Parallel to Grain
7.2.6 Primary tests shall be made on connections loaded
in Compression
parallel to the grain of wood members and perpendicular to the
grain of wood members. Perpendicular to the grain tests shall
be conducted with the grain of the center member parallel and be made by applying compressive or tensile loads as required;
the side members perpendicular to the direction of the load or however, application of tensile load is preferred.
with the grain of the center member perpendicular and the side
...
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