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ASTM D2024-65(1997)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solubility inversion temperature or "cloud point" of nonionic surfactants or detergent systems which are characteristically less soluble in water at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. It is limited to those surfactants and detergent systems for which the visible solubility change occurs over a range of 1°C or less at concentrations of 0.5 to 1.0 % in water between 30 and 95°C.  
1.2 Chemical Limitations -Nonionic surfactants that exhibit a characteristic cloud point in general terms consist of a water-in-soluble moiety condensed with 50 to 75 % by weight of ethylene oxide.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1991
ICS
71.100.40 - Surface active agents
Technical Committee
D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
Drafting Committee
D12.15 - Physical Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2024-65(2003) - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
Effective Date
31-Aug-1965
Referred By
ASTM D8179-18 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992
Referred By
ASTM D4252-89(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
Effective Date
01-Jan-1992

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ASTM D2024-65(1997) - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic SurfactantsASTM D2024-65(1997) - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
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ASTM D2024-65(1997) - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2024 – 65 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
method is not appropriate.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solu-
4. Interferences
bility inversion temperature or “cloud point” of nonionic
4.1 Ionicsurfactantsordetergentsinconcentrationsdownto
surfactants or detergent systems which are characteristically
1 % or less of the nonionic surfactant drastically raise the
less soluble in water at higher temperatures than at lower
characteristiccloudpointofthelatter.Thepresenceofsaltsand
temperatures. It is limited to those surfactants and detergent
bases (that is, non-surface active materials) will lower the
systems for which the visible solubility change occurs over a
characteristic cloud point. Acids tend to raise the cloud point.
range of 1°C or less at concentrations of 0.5 to 1.0 % in water
between 30 and 95°C.
5. Apparatus
1.2 Chemical Limitations—Nonionic surfactants that ex-
5.1 Thermometer—AnASTMPartialImmersionThermom-
hibit a characteristic cloud point in general terms consist of a
eter having a range from−20 to+150°C or 0 to 302°F and
water-in-soluble moiety condensed with 50 to 75 % by weight
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1C or 1F in
of ethylene oxide.
accordance with Specification E1E1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6. Procedure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1 Prepare a 1.0 % test solution by weighing a 16 0.1-g
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sample into a 150-mL beaker and add 100 mL of distilled or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
demineralized water which is at a temperature of less than
30°C.Agitateuntilthesampleisdissolved.Pour5065mLof
2. Referenced Documents
test solution into a 25 by 200-mm test tube of borosilicate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
glass. While agitating the test solution slowly with the ther-
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
mometer, heat the test tube with a bunsen burner until the test
solution becomes definitely cloudy. Remove from heat. While
3. Significance and Use
stirring slowly with the thermometer, allow the test solution to
3.1 The cloud point temperature is a reproducible charac-
cool slowly until it becomes clear. Record the temperature
teristic of certain pur
...

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Sections  
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Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 )  
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Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)  
23 – 25  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration  
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Matter Insoluble in Water  
29 and 30  
Apparent Density  
31 and 32  
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Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machine sieving methods.  
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ASTM D2024-09(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The cloud point temperature is a reproducible characteristic of certain  pure  nonionic surfactants. It is also characteristic of certain nonionic surfactant formulated systems. This test method is appropriate for both systems.
Note 1: If the transition from a distinctly cloudy to a clear solution is not sharp, that is, if it does not take place within a range of 1 °C, this test method is not appropriate.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the “cloud point” of nonionic surfactants or detergent systems. Cloud Point is the temperature at which dissolved components (solids or liquids) are no longer completely soluble, precipating as a second phase giving the fluid a cloudy appearance. It is limited to those surfactants and detergent systems for which the visible solubility change occurs over a range of 1 °C or less at concentrations of 0.5 % to 1.0 % in DI water between 30 °C and 95 °C.  
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Section  
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4 – 9  
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method  
10 – 14  
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15 – 19  
Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test  
20 – 24  
Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True
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25 – 28  
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter  
29 – 32  
Total Active Ingredients  
33 – 36  
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter  
37 – 41  
Inorganic Salts  
42 – 46  
Total Alkalinity  
47 – 49  
Total Ammonia  
50 – 52  
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64 – 70  
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