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ASTM A744/A744M-10e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service

Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for iron-chromium-nickel alloy, stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications. Alloys shall be melted by the electric furnace process with or without refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization. Castings shall be heat treated and shall conform to the required heat treatment conditions. The materials shall conform with the prescribed chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, columbium, copper, selenium, tungsten, vanadium, iron, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy, stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications.
1.2 This specification requires postweld heat-treatment of all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the corrosive medium. For applications for which postweld heat-treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of acceptable corrosion resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.
Note 1—For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M. For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3.2 Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A744M.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A744/A744M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Replaced By
ASTM A744/A744M-13 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
Effective Date
15-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM A990/A990M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure-Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM A403/A403M-22b - Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM A957/A957M-21 - Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1511-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Mechanical Seals for Shipboard Pump Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM A743/A743M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
Effective Date
01-May-2010

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ASTM A744/A744M-10e1 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceASTM A744/A744M-10e1 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
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ASTM A744/A744M-10e1 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: A744/A744M −10
StandardSpecification for
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for
1
Severe Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA744/A744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—S22.4 was corrected editorially in November 2011.
1. Scope* Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant,
for General Application
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy,
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corro-
of Steel Products
sive applications.
A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel
1.2 This specification requires postweld heat-treatment of
Alloy
all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the
A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
corrosive medium. For applications for which postweld heat-
bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of accept-
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
able corrosion resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.
A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General
NOTE 1—For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference
should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant Application
alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M.
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
A957 SpecificationforInvestmentCastings,SteelandAlloy,
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Determine Conformance with Specifications
3
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
2.2 American Welding Society Standards:
with the standard.
AWS A5.11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Cov-
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
ered Welding Electrodes
1.3.2 Inch-poundunitsareapplicableformaterialorderedto
AWS A5.14 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare
Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to
Welding Rods and Electrodes
Specification A744M.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 wetted surface, n—one that contacts a corrosive envi-
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
ronment.
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron- 4. General Conditions for Delivery
4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished to
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
fication A781/A781M, including any supplementary require-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings. ments that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
comply with the general requirements of Specification A781/
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A744/A744M – 06.
A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In
DOI: 10.1520/A0744_A0744M-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
the ASTM website. Miami, FL 33126.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
A744/A744M − 10
case of conflict between the requirements of this specification 8. Chemical Requirements
and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-
8.1 The materials shall conform with the chemical require-
vail.
ments prescribed in Table 2.
4.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this
...

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This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-copper corrosion resistance steel castings capable of being strengthened by precipitation hardening heat treatment. The steel shall be made by electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. The steel materials shall also undergo homogenization heat treatment, solution annealing heat treatment, precipitation hardening and shall conform to the required values of temperature and time and cooling treatment. The materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, copper, columbium, and nitrogen.
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This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process or other primary processes. Heat and product analyses shall be performed on the material and the chemical composition shall conform to the prescribed values for carbon, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, also for residual elements like vanadium, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Tensile test shall be made and the mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Charpy V-notch testing shall be done to determine the impact properties on each heat by specimen type like coupons representing the weld deposits and coupons representing the heat-affected zone. Impact properties shall also be determined on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the welding procedure qualification test. After machining, each pressure-containing casting shall undergo hydrostatic pressure testing and shall not leak.
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This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade WC1, Grade WC4, Grade WC5, Grade WC6, Grade WC9, Grade WC11, Grade C5, Grade C12, Grade C12A, and Grade CA15. Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tempering for Grade C12A and tempering for all other grades. Heat treatments shall be performed after castings have been allowed to cool. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, vanadium, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, columbium, nitrogen, aluminum, copper, titanium, tungsten, and zirconium. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks and hot tears. Steels shall undergo tension test, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
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This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.
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ASTM A487/A487M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
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ASTM A1091/A1091M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service. However, the castings are not restricted to such applications, and may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable. The specification includes one grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91, which is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after weld repairs.
This specification also prescribes the general conditions for delivery, including those for investment castings, as well as the requirements for ordering information; materials and manufacture (heat-treatment and machining); chemical composition; testing of mechanical properties (tensile testing and hardness testing); quality of castings; rework, weld repair, and retreatment; and certification and marking of castings.
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1.1 This specification covers creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service (see Note 1). However, they are not restricted to such applications and the castings may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable.  
1.2 One grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91 (UNS Number J84090), is covered (see Note 2). It is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after welding. This and similar steels are characterized by a predominantly tempered martensitic or tempered Bainitic microstructure that is stabilized by the precipitation of temper-resistant particles at various precipitate nucleation sites in the microstructure. Such steels are designed to have creep-rupture strengths significantly superior to those of alloys of nominally similar compositions, but in which the precipitates or nucleation sites are absent. Since this crucial difference cannot be revealed by room-temperature mechanical property tests, these alloys require tighter controls on manufacturing and processing.
Note 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 2: The committee formulating this specification has included one grade of material that is considered to represent a type of ferritic alloy steel suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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