ASTM D5181-04

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Matter by the GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Abrasion resistance during transport and storage is essential to prevent marring of type matter, designs, or protective coatings on the exterior of labels and other printed materials. Recognizing that the actual amount of abrasion occurring in the field depends on relative humidity, temperature, tightness of packing, and a host of other variables, this test method provides a rapid means for comparing the abrasion resistance of test surfaces under laboratory conditions. It is useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.
This test method can also be used to evaluate the relative abrasion resistance of printed inks, varnishes, laminates and substrates, and the abrasiveness of inks.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of printed matter using a GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester.
1.2 This test method is applicable to packaging labels, book, catalog, and magazine covers, bar codes, corrugated boxes, and other containers having applied graphics on any flat substrate. It is not recommended for powder coatings.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 37.100.10 - Reproduction equipment
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.56 - Printing Inks

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5181-91(1997)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Matter by the GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D5181-09 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Matter by the GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7188-05(2019) - Standard Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5181–04
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Printed Matter by the GA-CAT
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Comprehensive Abrasion Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test print and a receptor are sandwiched in the panel
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
the abrasion resistance of printed matter using a GA-CAT holder of the GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester,
Comprehensive Abrasion Tester. clamped together with a known force, and made to slide over
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicabletopackaginglabels,book, each other at a known frequency and over a known distance for
catalog,andmagazinecovers,barcodes,corrugatedboxes,and a predetermined time period.
other containers having applied graphics on any flat substrate. 4.2 The test specimen is examined for degree of print
It is not recommended for powder coatings. degradation and the receptor for amount of ink or other
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the material transferred from the specimen surface. Results may be
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information rated relative to a comparative control run in the identical
only. manner, or they may be quantified by comparison to a ranking
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the scale numbered from zero to ten (zero being the most abrasion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the resistant and ten the least abrasion resistant).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Abrasion resistance during transport and storage is
essential to prevent marring of type matter, designs, or protec-
2. Referenced Documents
tive coatings on the exterior of labels and other printed
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2.1 ASTM Standards: materials. Recognizing that the actual amount of abrasion
E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and occurring in the field depends on relative humidity, tempera-
Testing Flexible Barrier Materials ture,tightnessofpacking,andahostofothervariables,thistest
method provides a rapid means for comparing the abrasion
3. Terminology
resistance of test surfaces under laboratory conditions. It is
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and
3.1.1 abrasion resistance, n—resistance against the act of
the customer.
scraping, smudging, or rubbing off. 5.2 Thistestmethodcanalsobeusedtoevaluatetherelative
3.1.2 abrasiveness, n—the degree to which a product tends
abrasion resistance of printed inks, varnishes, laminates and
to cause abrasion by the act of rubbing or scraping. substrates, and the abrasiveness of inks.
3.1.3 receptor, n—film or paper of standard abrasiveness
6. Apparatus
onto which material removed from the specimen is deposited
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duringtheabrasiontestingprocess.Alternatively,printedpaper 6.1 GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester.
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from which material is removed onto the specimen that has a 6.2 Ranking Book, containing specimens whose degree of
higher degree of abrasiveness than the receptor (in case of ruboff is ranked from 0 (no ruboff) to + 10 (most ruboff).
testing abrasiveness).
7. Materials
7.1 Standard Receptors, approximately 102 by 114 mm (4
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
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by 4 ⁄2 in.), of an appropriate grade, as follows:
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
´1
in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D5181 – 91 (1997) . DOI:
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10.1520/D5181-04. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
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the ASTM website. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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