ASTM D2573-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides an indication of in-situ undrained shear strength of fine- grained clays and silts or other fine geomaterials such as mine tailings, organic muck, and substances where undrained strength determination is required. The test is applicable to soils with undrained strengths of less than 200 kPa (2 tsf). Very sensitive soils can be remolded during vane insertion.
This test method is used extensively in a variety of geotechnical explorations to evaluate rapid loading strength for total stress analysis of saturated fine-grained clays and silts. The test is routinely performed in conjunction with other field and laboratory tests.
The peak undrained shear resistance of the vane test is commonly corrected to determine the undrained shear strength for geotechnical analysis. The agency requesting the testing must interpret these data to determine applicability for strength analysis. It is beyond the scope of this standard to recommend applicability of vane testing for geotechnical analysis. For information on the general use of these correction factors, consult Appendix X1.
This method is not applicable in sands, gravels, or other high permeability soils. With the shearing rates described in this standard, sand lenses, if present, will allow total or partial drainage. Soils with higher permeability, in rapid shear, can dilate or collapse and generate negative or positive pore pressures which may, or may not, dissipate in the shearing process. It is important to check the soil type being tested. It is very beneficial to sample the soil either before or after testing, to understand the drainage conditions (permeability) of the soil tested.
This test is often performed in drilled boreholes or with self-push or self-drilling or pushed (vane shoe) methods. This method also applies to hand held vane shear tests performed at shallow depths, however, hand held equipment may be less accurate, because it may be more difficult to maintain vane/rod stabili...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the field vane test in saturated clay and silt soils for determination of undrained shear strength. Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and interpretation of the test. The test is not applicable for sandy soils which may allow drainage during the test.
1.2 This test method addresses testing on land and for testing in drill holes or by self drilling or continuous push methods from the ground surface. This method does not address specifically marine testing where special test requirements or variations in equipment may be required. The user is referred to ASTM STP 1014 for additional information on in-place vane shear testing.
1.3 This method is often used in conjunction with fluid rotary drilling (D 5783) or hollow-stem augers (D 6151). Some apparatuses have the vane retracted in protective shoe for advancement and incremental testing. Sampling, such as with thin wall tubes (D 1587) is often combined with vane testing. Subsurface geotechnical explorations are reported in accordance with practice (D 5434).
1.4 Undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cohesive soils can also be measured in Unconfined Compression D 2166 and Laboratory Vane Test (D 4648).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. English (Imperial) units are given in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2573 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2573; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the field vane test in saturated
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
clay and silt soils for determination of undrained shear
Fluids
strength. Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the
Geotechnical Purposes
applicability and interpretation of the test. The test is not
D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
applicableforsandysoilswhichmayallowdrainageduringthe
of Cohesive Soil
test.
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
1.2 This test method addresses testing on land and for
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
testing in drill holes or by self drilling or continuous push
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
methods from the ground surface. This method does not
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
address specifically marine testing where special test require-
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
ments or variations in equipment may be required. The user is
D4648 Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear
referred to ASTM STP 1014 for additional information on
Test for SaturatedFine-Grained Clayey Soil
2
in-place vane shear testing.
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
of Soil and Rock
1.3 This method is often used in conjunction with fluid
D5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-
rotary drilling (D5783) or hollow-stem augers (D6151). Some
Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration
apparatuses have the vane retracted in protective shoe for
and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitor-
advancement and incremental testing. Sampling, such as with
ing Devices
thin wall tubes (D1587) is often combined with vane testing.
D6151 Practice for Using Hollow-StemAugers for Geotech-
Subsurface geotechnical explorations are reported in accor-
nical Exploration and Soil Sampling
dance with practice (D5434).
2.2 Other Standards:
1.4 Undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cohesive
Recommended Standard for FieldVane ShearTest, Swedish
soils can also be measured in Unconfined Compression D2166
Geotechnical Society, SGF Report 2:93E, Swedish Geo-
and Laboratory Vane Test (D4648).
technical Institute, Linköping: www.swedgeo.se
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
EuroCode 7: Geotechnical Design–Part 3 Design Assisted
standard. English (Imperial) units are given in parentheses.
by Field Testing, ENV 1997-3:1999E, CEN
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to Terminology D653.
3.1.2 sensitivity—the effect of remolding on the consistency
of cohesive soil.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2573 – 01 (2007). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/D2573-08. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
ASTM STP 1014 on Vane Shear Strength Testing in Soils (1988). the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2573 − 08
3.1.3 vane shear test (VST)—an in-place shear test in which 3.4.4 torque–T, (FL)—the measured torque (or moment)
arodwiththinradialvanesattheendisforcedintothesoiland required to rotate the vane.
the resistance to rotation of the rod is determined.
3.4.5 vane area ratio–V –% —the rat
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2573–01 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: D 2573 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2573; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the field vane test in saturated clay and silt soils for determination of undrained shear strength.
Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and
interpretation of the test. The test is not applicable for sandy soils which may allow drainage during the test.
1.2 This test method addresses testing on land and for testing in drill holes or by self drilling or continuous push methods from
the ground surface. This method does not address specifically marine testing where special test requirements or variations in
2
equipment may be required. The user is referred to ASTM STP 1014 for additional information on in-place vane shear testing.
1.3 This method is often used in conjunction with fluid rotary drilling (D 5783) or hollow-stem augers (D 6151). Some
apparatuses have the vane retracted in protective shoe for advancement and incremental testing. Sampling, such as with thin wall
tubes (D 1587) is often combined with vane testing. Subsurface geotechnical explorations are reported in accordance with practice
(D 5434).
1.4 Undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cohesive soils can also be measured in Unconfined Compression D 2166 and
Laboratory Vane Test (D 4648).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. English (Imperial) units are given in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D 2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D 4648 Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for SaturatedFine-Grained Clayey Soil
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
D 5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the
Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D 6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
2.2 Other Standards:
Recommended Standard for Field Vane Shear Test, Swedish Geotechnical Society, SGF Report 2:93E, Swedish Geotechnical
Institute, Linköping: www.swedgeo.se
EuroCode 7: Geotechnical Design–Part 3 Design Assisted by Field Testing, ENV 1997-3:1999E, CEN
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2573–01.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 2573 – 01 (2007).
2
ASTM STP 1014 on Vane Shear Strength Testing in Soils (1988).
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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