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ASTM D523-14(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss

Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gloss is associated with the capacity of a surface to reflect more light in directions close to the specular than in others. Measurements by this test method correlate with visual observations of surface shininess made at roughly the corresponding angles.  
5.1.1 Measured gloss ratings by this test method are obtained by comparing the specular reflectance from the specimen to that from a black glass standard. Since specular reflectance depends also on the surface refractive index of the specimen, the measured gloss ratings change as the surface refractive index changes. In obtaining the visual gloss ratings, however, it is customary to compare the specular reflectances of two specimens having similar surface refractive indices.  
5.2 Other visual aspects of surface appearance, such as distinctness of reflected images, reflection haze, and texture, are frequently involved in the assessment of gloss (1), (6), (7). Test Method E430 includes techniques for the measurement of both distinctness-of-image gloss and reflection haze. Test Method D4039 provides an alternative procedure for measuring reflection haze.  
5.3 Little information about the relation of numerical-to-perceptual intervals of specular gloss has been published. However, in many applications the gloss scales of this test method have provided instrumental scaling of coated specimens that have agreed well with visual scaling (10).  
5.4 When specimens differing widely in perceived gloss or color, or both, are compared, nonlinearity may be encountered in the relationship between visual gloss difference ratings and instrumental gloss reading differences.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the specular gloss of nonmetallic specimens for glossmeter geometries of 60, 20, and 85° (1-7).2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2018
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.03 - Geometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D823-17 - Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM D3964-10(2020) - Standard Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D523-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D523 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
1
Specular Gloss
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,
45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofthespecular
4
Filter Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
gloss of nonmetallic specimens for glossmeter geometries of
2 E430 TestMethodsforMeasurementofGlossofHigh-Gloss
60, 20, and 85° (1-7).
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1 Definitions:
and are not considered standard.
3.1.1 relative luminous reflectance factor, n—the ratio of the
luminous flux reflected from a specimen to the luminous flux
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the reflected from a standard surface under the same geometric
conditions. For the purpose of measuring specular gloss, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- standard surface is polished glass.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 specular gloss, n—the relative luminous reflectance
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
factor of a specimen in the mirror direction.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 Measurements are made with 60, 20, or 85° geometry
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(8, 9). The geometry of angles and apertures is chosen so that
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
these procedures may be used as follows:
4.1.1 The 60° geometry is used for intercomparing most
2. Referenced Documents
specimens and for determining when the 20° geometry may be
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
more applicable.
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
4.1.2 The 20° geometry is advantageous for comparing
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
specimens having 60° gloss values higher than 70.
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
4.1.3 The 85° geometry is used for comparing specimens
Appearance Measurements
for sheen or near-grazing shininess. It is most frequently
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
applied when specimens have 60° gloss values lower than 10.
4
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
5. Significance and Use
D4039 Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss
Surfaces
5.1 Gloss is associated with the capacity of a surface to
reflect more light in directions close to the specular than in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
others. Measurements by this test method correlate with visual
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on
observations of surface shininess made at roughly the corre-
Geometry.
sponding angles.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D523 – 14. DOI:
5.1.1 Measured gloss ratings by this test method are ob-
10.1520/D0523-14R18.
tained by comparing the specular reflectance from the speci-
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
men to that from a black glass standard. Since specular
this test method.
3
reflectance depends also on the surface refractive index of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specimen, the measured gloss ratings change as the surface
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
refractive index changes. In obtaining the visual gloss ratings,
the ASTM website.
4 however, it is customary to compare the specular reflectances
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. of two specimens having similar surface refractive indices.
Copyri
...

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5.2.2 To measure the effect of changes in materials or processing.
SCOPE
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1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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4.1 Resin Identification Codes are used solely to identify the plastic resin used in a manufactured article. The intended manufactured articles include, but are not limited to, packaging.  
4.1.1 Fig. 1 and Table 1 present the appropriate information on the way the RIC is to be incorporated onto the product and the available resin identification designations.
FIG. 1 Example of a Resin Identification Marker  
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ASTM
ASTM D8301-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Content of Nitroxide Radical (4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) in Butadiene, Styrene and Isoprene by Cyclic Voltammetry Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Nitroxide radicals (H-Tempo, O-Tempo (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), etc.) are widely used as inhibitors of thermopolymerization in the processes of transportation, storage, and separation of monomers (isoprene, butadiene, styrene, etc.). This test method provides a procedure for assaying nitroxide radicals in monomers.  
4.2 This procedure can be used for determination of the content of nitroxide radicals (H-Tempo, O-Tempo, etc.) in other solvents (dimethyl formamide, DMSO etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to determine the content of nitroxide radical 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (H-Tempo) in butadiene, isoprene, and styrene.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with nitroxide radical 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (H-Tempo) with concentrations to 100 mg⁄kg. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.47 mg/kg for nitroxide radical 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (H-Tempo) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 1.6 mg/kg nitroxide radical 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (H-Tempo).  
1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded of in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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