ASTM F1788-14
(Guide)Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Considerations
Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Considerations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is primarily intended to aid decision-makers and spill-responders in contingency planning, spill response, and training.
4.2 This guide is not specific to either site or type of oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of in-situ burning to assist in the control of oil spills on water. This guide is not applicable to in-situ burning of oil on land.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that will enable spill responders to decide if burning will be used as part of the oil spill cleanup response. Other standards address the use of ignition devices (Guide F1990), the use of fire-resistant boom (Guide F2152), the use of burning in ice conditions (Guide F2230), the application of in-situ burning in ships (Guide F2533), and the use of in-situ burning in marshes (Guide F2823).
1.3 This is a general guide only. It is assumed that conditions at the spill site have been assessed and that these conditions are suitable for the burning of oil. It is also assumed that permission to burn the oil has been obtained from appropriate regulatory authorities. Variations in the behavior of different oil types are not dealt with and may change some of the parameters noted in this guide.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—Alternate units are included in 7.5, 7.7, and 7.8.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1788 − 14
Standard Guide for
In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and
1
Operational Considerations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1788; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers the use of in-situ burning to assist in
F1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition
the control of oil spills on water.This guide is not applicable to
Devices
in-situ burning of oil on land.
F2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that
Resistant Boom
will enable spill responders to decide if burning will be used as
F2230 Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice
part of the oil spill cleanup response. Other standards address
Conditions
the use of ignition devices (Guide F1990), the use of fire-
F2533 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil in Ships or Other
resistant boom (Guide F2152), the use of burning in ice Vessels
conditions (Guide F2230), the application of in-situ burning in F2823 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes
ships (Guide F2533), and the use of in-situ burning in marshes
(Guide F2823). 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This is a general guide only. It is assumed that condi-
3.1.1 burn effıciency—burn efficiency is the percentage of
tions at the spill site have been assessed and that these
the oil removed from the water by the burning.
conditions are suitable for the burning of oil. It is also assumed
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Burn efficiency is the amount (volume)
that permission to burn the oil has been obtained from
of oil before burning; less the volume remaining as a residue,
appropriate regulatory authorities.Variations in the behavior of
divided by the initial volume of the oil.
different oil types are not dealt with and may change some of
3.1.2 burn rate—the rate at which oil is burned in a given
the parameters noted in this guide.
area.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Typically, the area is a pool and burn
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
rate is the regression rate of the burning liquid, or may be
standard.
described as a volumetric rate.
1.4.1 Exception—Alternate units are included in 7.5, 7.7,
3.1.3 contact probability—the probability that oil will be
and 7.8.
contacted by the flame during burning.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 controlled burning—burning when the combustion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
can be started and stopped by human intervention.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 fire-resistant booms—booms intended for containment
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of burning oil slicks (Guide F2152).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 in-situ burning—use of burning directly on the water
surface.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—In-situ burning does not include incin-
eration techniques, whereby oil or oiled debris are placed into
an incinerator.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.15 on In-Situ Burning. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1788 – 08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1788-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1788 − 14
3.1.7 residue—the material, excluding airborne emissions, limits vary with jurisdiction, and, thus, the appropriate docu-
remaining after the oil stops burning. ments should be consulted. The environmental and economic
trade-offs of burning the oil, as opposed to contamination of
4. Significance and Use
the shoreline, must be considered.
6.1.2 Burning can be safely conducted near populated areas
4.1 This guide is primarily intended to aid decision-makers
and spill-responders in contingency planning, spill response, if there is sufficient air turbulence for mixing, and in the
absence of a low-level atmospheric inversion.
and training.
4.2 This guide is not spec
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1788 − 08 F1788 − 14
Standard Guide for
In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and
1
Operational Considerations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1788; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the use of in-situ burning to assist in the control of oil spills on water. This guide is not applicable to in-situ
burning of oil on land.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that will enable spill responders to decide if burning will be used as part
of the oil spill cleanup response. Other standards address the use of ignition devices (Guide F1990), the use of fire-resistant boom
(Guide F2152), the use of burning in ice conditions (Guide F2230), the application of in-situ burning in ships (Guide F2533), and
the use of in-situ burning in marshes (Guide F2823).
1.3 This is a general guide only. It is assumed that conditions at the spill site have been assessed and that these conditions are
suitable for the burning of oil. It is also assumed that permission to burn the oil has been obtained from appropriate regulatory
authorities. Variations in the behavior of different oil types are not dealt with and may change some of the parameters noted in this
guide.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are included for information only and are not considered No other units of measurement are included in
this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—Alternate units are included in 7.5, 7.7, and 7.8.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
F2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-Resistant Boom
F2230 Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
F2533 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil in Ships or Other Vessels
F2823 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 burn effıciency—burn efficiency is the percentage of the oil removed from the water by the burning.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.15
on In-Situ Burning.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008March 1, 2014. Published September 2008March 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20032008
as F1788 – 97 (2003).F1788 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/F1788-08.10.1520/F1788-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Burn efficiency is the amount (volume) of oil before burning; less the volume remaining as a residue, divided by the initial volume
of the oil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1788 − 14
3.1.2 burn rate—the rate at which oil is burned in a given area.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Typically, the area is a pool and burn rate is the regression rate of the burning liquid, or may be described as a volumetric rate.
3.1.3 contact probability—the probability that oil will be contacted by the flame during burning.
3.1.4 controlled burning—burning when the combustion can be started and stopped by human intervention.
3.1.5 fire-resistant booms—devices that float on water to restrict the spreading and movement of oil slicks andbooms intended
for containment of burning oil slicks (Guide F2152constructed to withstand the high temperatures and heat fluxes of in-situ
burning.).
3.1.6 in-situ burning—use of burning directly on the water surface.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
In-situ burning does not include incineration techniques, whereby oil or oiled debris are placed into an incinerator.
3.1.7 re
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