ASTM D1981-02(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids
Standard Test Method for Measuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the equipment and procedure outlined in this test method is essential to accuracy and precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the Gardner color of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere of nitrogen at 205°C for one or two h, depending on whether its iodine value is over or under 15, respectively. The specimen may be heated using either an aluminum heating block or an oil bath. This method is applicable to all tall oil fatty acids. Applicability of this method to other types of fatty acids has not been determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D1981–02(Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Heating Apparatus—Method A, Aluminum Block
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheGardner 4.1 Forced Draft Oven, maintained at 205 6 2°C.
color of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere of 4.2 Aluminum Heating Block (see Fig. 1). Wrap the outer
nitrogen at 205°C for one or two h, depending on whether its surface with an appropriate insulating material.
iodine value is over or under 15, respectively. The specimen
5. Heating Apparatus—Method B, Oil Bath
maybeheatedusingeitheranaluminumheatingblockoranoil
5.1 Oil Bath—A5-L steel beaker equipped with a mechani-
bath. This method is applicable to all tall oil fatty acids.
Applicability of this method to other types of fatty acids has cal stirrer and containing any light-colored alkali-refined oil
such as hydrogenated cottonseed oil.
not been determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 5.2 Heat Source—An electric immersion heater with suit-
able thermostatic control may be used. The heater shall be of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. sufficient capacity so that when placing several tubes in the
bath, the bath temperature does not drop by more than 5°C
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the below the minimum bath temperature and the recovery time to
reach 205°C does not exceed 5 min.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.3 Test Tube Holder (see Fig. 2).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Materials
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Thermometer, range 95 to 255°C, 0.5° subdivisions, 100
mm partial immersion, conforming to the requirements for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids Thermometer 42C as prescribed in Specification E1.
(Gardner Color Scale) 6.2 Tubes, 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, 240 mm (9 ⁄2 in.) in
length with ground-glass joints (see Fig. 3) and adapter.
D6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related
Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color) 6.3 Timer, capable of registering up to 135 min.
6.4 Nitrogen, a source of nitrogen capable of being regu-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
lated to a pressure of 7 to 14 kPa (1 to 2 psi).
3. Significance and Use
6.5 BubbleCounterforNitrogen—As a liquid, use a portion
3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by of tall oil fatty acid, instead of water or mercury.
heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, 6.6 GardnerColorTubesor1cmCuvet—SeeTest Methods
and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked D1544 or D6166.
effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the
7. Procedure—Method A, Aluminum Block
equipment and procedure outlined in this test method is
essential to accuracy and precision. 7.1 Insert the thermometer into the aluminum block. Place
the block in a forced-draft oven maintained at a temperature of
205 6 2°C.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint 7.2 Fill a clean, dry tube to a depth of approximately 125
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
mm with the specimen.
Subcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.
7.3 Place a fitted adapter in each tube. Adjust the flow of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
nitrogen through the side arm of the adapter at a rapid rate for
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1981 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D1981-02R06.
3 to 5 min to displace the air, then reduce the flow to a gentle
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
rate of 2 or 3 bubbles per second so that
...
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