ASTM D3472-97

Standard Test Method for Reverse-Ratchet Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the torque developed when Type IA child-resistant closures are rotated in the counter-clockwise direction. Type IA closures are reclosable continuous threaded closures that use a random push down while turning; no orientation of the push down force is necessary.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1997
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3472-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Reverse-Ratchet Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3472 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Reverse-Ratchet Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant
1
Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3472; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope direction without any vertical force applied. This is reverse-
ratchet torque.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the torque
developed when Type IA child-resistant closures are rotated in
5. Significance and Use
the counter-clockwise direction. Type IA closures are reclos-
5.1 These torque measurements are of value because the
able continuous threaded closures that use a random push down
reverse-ratchet torque is a torque applied to the closure in the
while turning; no orientation of the push down force is
removal direction of the closure. For Type IA closures, it is
necessary.
essential that this torque be significantly lower than some
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
defined level at which the closure might unscrew.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 This test may be used to establish performance specifi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cation for this attribute.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Apparatus
,
4 5
6.1 Torque Tester —The model used is determined by the
2. Referenced Documents
anticipated range of torques to be measured. Reverse-ratchet
2.1 ASTM Standards:
torques usually fall below 10 lbf·in. (1.1 N·m). An appropriate
D 3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque
2 torque tester range from 0 to 25 lbf·in. (0 to 2.8 N·m) or 0 to
of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
10 lbf·in. (0 to 1.1 N·m) is suggested.
D 3474 Practice for The Calibration and Use of Torque
2
Meters Used in Packaging Applications
7. Sampling
2
D 3475 Classification of Child-Resistant Packages
7.1 The number of samples will depend on the purpose for
D 3810 Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of
2 which this test is being run. For a given set of samples,
Type IA Child-Resistant Closures
3 sufficient measurements should be taken in accordance with
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
established statistical sampling procedures.
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
3 7.2 Refer to Practices E 105 and E 122 for more specific
Measure of Quality, for a Lot or Process
information on statistically valid procedures.
3. Terminology
8. Test Specimens
3.1 Definition (see Classification D 3475).
8.1 Unused threaded closures complete with liner, if appli-
3.1.1 Type IA child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
cable, and containers with the proper corresponding finish
ous thread closure requiring a random push down while
should be used.
turning; no orientation of the push down force is necessary.
8.2 If appropriate care is taken to avoid build-up of lubricant
or coating from liner facings, the same container may be used
4. Summary of Test Method
for multiple tests in a series.
4.1 Representative specimens of child-resistant threaded
8.3 If repeated removal and reapplication is being studied as
closures are applied to an appropriate container. A torque-
a variable, a separate container should be used for each closure,
measuring device is used to measure the amount of torque
and the same closure-container combinations used for the
developed when the closure is rotated in the counter-clockwise
duration of the test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
4
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.31 on Child Owens-Illinois torque tester, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for
Resistant Packaging. this test method. Available from Secure-Pak, Inc., 4009 Beachway Blvd., Toledo,
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally OH 43614.
5
published as D 3472 – 76. Last previous edition D 3472 – 91. A digital or automated torque instrument, if used, will have an appropriate
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. design and scale capacity for the container/closure system to be evaluated. Torque
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. results will be available in either electronic display or printout format.
1

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NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or
disc
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