ASTM D5792-10

Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. Decision makers must determine whether the levels of assurance associated with the data are sufficient in quality for their intended use.
Data generation efforts involve three parts: development of DQOs and subsequent project plan(s) to meet the DQOs, implementation and oversight of the project plan(s), and assessment of the data quality to determine whether the DQOs were met.
To determine the level of assurance necessary to support the decision, an iterative process must be used by decision makers, data collectors, and users. This practice emphasizes the iterative nature of the process of DQO development. Objectives may need to be reevaluated and modified as information related to the level of data quality is gained. This means that DQOs are the product of the DQO process and are subject to change as data are gathered and assessed.
This practice defines the process of developing DQOs. Each step of the planning process is described.
This practice emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in developing DQOs, those planning and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and those assessing data quality.
The impacts of a successful DQO process on the project are as follows: (1) a consensus on the nature of the problem and the desired decision shared by all the decision makers, (2) data quality consistent with its intended use, (3) a more resource-efficient sampling and analysis design, (4) a planned approach to data collection and evaluation, (5) quantitative criteria for knowing when to stop sampling, and (6) known measure of risk for making an incorrect decision.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process of development of data quality objectives (DQOs) for the acquisition of environmental data. Optimization of sampling and analysis design is a part of the DQO process. This practice describes the DQO process in detail. The various strategies for design optimization are too numerous to include in this practice. Many other documents outline alternatives for optimizing sampling and analysis design. Therefore, only an overview of design optimization is included. Some design aspects are included in the practice's examples for illustration purposes.
1.2 DQO development is the first of three parts of data generation activities. The other two aspects are (1) implementation of the sampling and analysis strategies, see Guide D6311 and (2) data quality assessment, see Guide D6233.  
1.3 This guide should be used in concert with Practices D5283, D6250, and Guide D6044. Practice D5283 outlines the quality assurance (QA) processes specified during planning and used during implementation. Guide D6044 outlines a process by which a representative sample may be obtained from a population, identifies sources that can affect representativeness and describes the attributes of a representative sample. Practice D6250 describes how a decision point can be calculated.
1.4 Environmental data related to waste management activities include, but are not limited to, the results from the sampling and analyses of air, soil, water, biota, process or general waste samples, or any combinations thereof.
1.5 The DQO process is a planning process and should be completed prior to sampling and analysis activities.
1.6 This practice presents extensive requirements of management, designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The words “must” and “shall” (requirements), “should” (recommendation), and “may” (optional), have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements in this practice. The extent to which all requirements will be met remains a matter of technical judgment.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7.1 Exception—...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2010
• ICS: 13.030.99 - Other standards related to wastes
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.01 - Planning for Sampling

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5792-02(2006) - Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM D5792-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E2421-15(2021) - Standard Guide for Preparing Waste Management Plans for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6661-17 - Standard Practice for Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces Using Wipe Sampling
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6044-21 - Standard Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4448-01(2019) - Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6907-22 - Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7204-15 - Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6640-21 - Standard Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Investigations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7758-17 - Standard Practice for Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment, Monitoring, and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7353-21 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Liquids in Waste Management Activities Using a Peristaltic Pump
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7831-20 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Tanks by Field Personnel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6235-18 - Standard Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Groundwater Contamination at Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D8170-20 - Standard Guide for Using Disposable Handheld Soil Core Samplers for the Collection and Storage of Soil for Volatile Organic Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5792 − 10
StandardPractice for
Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste
Management Activities: Development of Data Quality
1
Objectives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope (recommendation), and “may” (optional), have been selected
carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the
1.1 This practice covers the process of development of data
statements in this practice. The extent to which all require-
qualityobjectives(DQOs)fortheacquisitionofenvironmental
ments will be met remains a matter of technical judgment.
data. Optimization of sampling and analysis design is a part of
the DQO process. This practice describes the DQO process in
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
detail. The various strategies for design optimization are too
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
numerous to include in this practice. Many other documents
standard.
outline alternatives for optimizing sampling and analysis
1.7.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
design. Therefore, only an overview of design optimization is
information only.
included. Some design aspects are included in the practice’s
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
examples for illustration purposes.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 DQO development is the first of three parts of data
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
generation activities. The other two aspects are (1) implemen-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tationofthesamplingandanalysisstrategies,seeGuideD6311
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and (2) data quality assessment, see Guide D6233.
1.3 This guide should be used in concert with Practices
2. Referenced Documents
D5283,D6250,andGuideD6044.PracticeD5283outlinesthe
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
quality assurance (QA) processes specified during planning
C1215Guide for Preparing and Interpreting Precision and
and used during implementation. Guide D6044 outlines a
Bias Statements in Test Method Standards Used in the
process by which a representative sample may be obtained
Nuclear Industry
from a population, identifies sources that can affect represen-
D5283Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
tativeness and describes the attributes of a representative
lated to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance
sample. Practice D6250 describes how a decision point can be
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
calculated.
D5681Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
1.4 Environmentaldatarelatedtowastemanagementactivi-
D6044Guide for Representative Sampling for Management
ties include, but are not limited to, the results from the
of Waste and Contaminated Media
sampling and analyses of air, soil, water, biota, process or
D6233Guide for DataAssessment for EnvironmentalWaste
general waste samples, or any combinations thereof.
Management Activities
1.5 The DQO process is a planning process and should be
D6250Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confi-
completed prior to sampling and analysis activities. dence Limit for StatisticalTesting of Mean Concentration
in Waste Management Decisions
1.6 This practice presents extensive requirements of
D6311GuideforGenerationofEnvironmentalDataRelated
management, designed to ensure high-quality environmental
toWaste ManagementActivities: Selection and Optimiza-
data. The words “must” and “shall” (requirements), “should”
tion of Sampling Design
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
2
Planning for Sampling. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5792– 02 (2006). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5792-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5792 − 10
3. Terminology 3.2.7 decision point, n—the numerical value that causes the
decision-maker to choose one of the alternative actions point
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard refer to
(for example, complia
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5792–02 (Reapproved 2006) Designation:D5792–10
Standard Practice for
Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste
Management Activities: Development of Data Quality
1
Objectives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheprocessofdevelopmentofdataqualityobjectives(DQOs)fortheacquisitionofenvironmentaldata.
OptimizationofsamplingandanalysisdesignisapartoftheDQOprocess.ThispracticedescribestheDQOprocessindetail.The
various strategies for design optimization are too numerous to include in this practice. Many other documents outline alternatives
foroptimizingsamplingandanalysisdesign.Therefore,onlyanoverviewofdesignoptimizationisincluded.Somedesignaspects
are included in the practice’s examples for illustration purposes.
1.2 DQO development is the first of three parts of data generation activities. The other two aspects are (1) implementation of
the sampling and analysis strategies, see Guide D6311 and (2) data quality assessment, see Guide D6233.
1.3 This guide should be used in concert with Practices D5283, D6250, and Guide D6044. Practice D5283 outlines the quality
assurance (QA) processes specified during planning and used during implementation. Guide D6044 outlines a process by which
a representative sample may be obtained from a population, identifies sources that can affect representativeness and describes the
attributes of a representative sample. Practice D6250 describes how a decision point can be calculated.
1.4 Environmentaldatarelatedtowastemanagementactivitiesinclude,butarenotlimitedto,theresultsfromthesamplingand
analyses of air, soil, water, biota, process or general waste samples, or any combinations thereof.
1.5 The DQO process is a planning process and should be completed prior to sampling and analysis activities.
1.6 This practice presents extensive requirements of management, designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The
words“must”and“shall”(requirements),“should”(recommendation),and“may”(optional),havebeenselectedcarefullytoreflect
theimportanceplacedonmanyofthestatementsinthispractice.Theextenttowhichallrequirementswillbemetremainsamatter
of technical judgment.
1.7The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1215 Guide for Preparing and Interpreting Precision and Bias Statements in Test Method Standards Used in the Nuclear
Industry
D5283 PracticeforGenerationofEnvironmentalDataRelatedtoWasteManagementActivities:QualityAssuranceandQuality
Control Planning and Implementation
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
D6233 Guide for Data Assessment for Environmental Waste Management Activities
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5792–02. DOI:
10.1520/D5792-02R06.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5792– 02 (2006). DOI:
10.1520/D5792-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5792–10
D6250
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