ASTM D7315-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Turbidity at the levels defined in the scope of this test method are often monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of water environments and determine the impact of changes in response to environmental events (weather events, floods, etc.). Turbidity is often undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Removal is often accomplished by coagulation, sedimentation, and various levels of filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides an indicator of contamination, and is a vital measurement for monitoring the characteristics and or quality within the sample’s source or process.
This test method does overlap Test Method D6855 for the range of 1–5 TU. If the predominant measurement falls below 1.0 TU with occasional spikes above this value, Test Method D6855 may be more applicable. For measurements that are consistently above 1 TU, this test method is applicable.
This test method is suitable to turbidity such as that found in all waters that measure above 1 NTU. Examples include environmental waters (streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries), processes associated with water pollution control plants (wastewater treatment plants), and various industrial processes involving water with noticeable turbidity. For measurement of cleaner waters, refer to Test Method D6855.
The appropriate measurement range for a specific technology or instrument type that should be utilized is at or below 80 % of full-scale capability for the respective instrument or technology. Measurements above this level may not be dependable.
Dilutions of waters are not recommended, especially in the case of samples with rapidly settling particles (that is, sediments). It is recommended that an appropriate instrument design that covers the expected range be selected to avoid the need to perform dilutions.
Technologies described in this standard ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the static determination of turbidity in water. Static refers to a sample that is removed from its source and tested in an isolated instrument. (See Section 4.)
1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 turbidity unit (TU). The upper end of the measurement range was left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges. The round robin study covered the range of 0–4000 turbidity units because instrument verification in this range can typically be covered by standards that can be consistently reproduced.
1.3 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in Table 1. Measurement of a common calibration standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies.
1.3.1 In this test method calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is also a 1 FNU, a 1 FAU, a 1 BU, and so forth.
1.4 This test method does not purport to cover all available technologies for high-level turbidity measurement.
1.5 This test method was tested on different natural waters and wastewater, and with standards that will serve as surrogates to samples. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.6 Depending on the constituents within a high-level sample, the proposed sample preparation and measurement methods may or may not be applicable. Those samples with the highest particle densities typically prove to be the most difficult to measure. In these cases, and alternative measurement method such as the process monitoring method can be considered.
1...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7315 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in
1
Static Mode
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7315; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to measure. In these cases, and alternative measurement
method such as the process monitoring method can be consid-
1.1 This test method covers the static determination of
ered.
turbidity in water. Static refers to a sample that is removed
from its source and tested in an isolated instrument. (See
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Section 4.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
turbidities greater than 1.0 turbidity unit (TU). The upper end
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to the MSDSs
of the measurement range was left undefined because different
for all chemicals used in this procedure.
technologies described in this test method can cover very
different ranges. The round robin study covered the range of
2. Referenced Documents
0–4000 turbidity units because instrument verification in this
range can typically be covered by standards that can be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
consistently reproduced.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1.3 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn
3
calibration when a common calibration standard is applied
2007)
across those designs listed in Table 1. Measurement of a
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
common calibration standard of a defined value will also
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
produce equivalent results across these technologies.
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
1.3.1 In this test method calibration standards are often
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units,
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
such as those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example,a1NTU
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5
formazin standard is alsoa1FNU,a1FAU,a1BU,andso
NTU in Static Mode
forth.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.4 This test method does not purport to cover all available Determine the Precision of a Test Method
technologies for high-level turbidity measurement.
2.2 Other Referenced Standards:
1.5 This test method was tested on different natural waters USEPA Method 180.1 Methods for Chemical Analysis of
4
Water and Wastes, Turbidity
and wastewater, and with standards that will serve as surro-
5
gates to samples. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the ISO 7027 Water Quality—Determination of Turbidity
validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Field
1.6 Depending on the constituents within a high-level
sample, the proposed sample preparation and measurement
2
methodsmayormaynotbeapplicable.Thosesampleswiththe For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
highestparticledensitiestypicallyprovetobethemostdifficult
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water www.astm.org.
4
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Available from United States Environmental Protection Association (EPA),
Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow. Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally www.epa.gov.
5
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7315 – 07A. DOI: Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
10.1520/D7315-12. Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7315 − 12
TABLE 1 Summary of Known Instrument Designs, Applications, Rang
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7315–07a Designation: D7315 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in
1
Static Mode
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7315; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the static determination of turbidity in water. Static refers to a sample that is removed from its
source and tested in an isolated instrument. (See Section 4.)
1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 turbidity unit (TU). The upper end of the
measurement range was left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges.
The round robin study covered the range of 0–4000 turbidity units because instrument verification in this range can typically be
covered by standards that can be consistently reproduced.
1.3 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration
when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in Table 1. Measurement of a common calibration
standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies.
1.3.1 In this test method calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as
those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is alsoa1FNU,a1FAU,a1BU,andso forth.
1.4 This test method does not purport to cover all available technologies for high-level turbidity measurement.
1.5 This test method was tested on different natural waters and wastewater, and with standards that will serve as surrogates to
samples. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.6 Depending on the constituents within a high-level sample, the proposed sample preparation and measurement methods may
or may not be applicable. Those samples with the highest particle densities typically prove to be the most difficult to measure. In
these cases, and alternative measurement method such as the process monitoring method can be considered.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Refer to the MSDSs for all chemicals used in this procedure.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 Other Referenced Standards:
3
USEPA Method 180.1 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, Turbidity
4
ISO 7027 Water Quality—Determination of Turbidity
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow.
CurrenteditionapprovedAug.June1,2007.2012.PublishedAugust2007.June2012.Originallyapprovedin2007.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD7315 – 07A.
DOI: 10.1520/D7315-07A.10.1520/D7315-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAssociation (EPA),Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 PennsylvaniaAve., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://www.epa.gov.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.