ASTM E1815-18

Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a relative means for classification of film systems used for industrial radiography. The film system consists of the film and associated processing system (the type of processing and processing chemistry). Section 9 describes specific parameters used for this test method. In general, the classification for hard X-rays, as described in Section 9, can be transferred to other radiation energies and metallic screen types, as well as screens without films. The usage of film system parameters outside the energy ranges specified may result in changes to a film/system performance classification.  
4.1.1 The film performance is described by contrast and noise parameters. The contrast is represented by gradient and the noise by granularity.  
4.1.2 A film system is assigned a particular class if it meets the minimum performance parameters: for Gradient G at  D – D0 = 2.0 and D – D0 = 4.0, and gradient/noise ratio at D – D0 = 2.0, and the maximum performance parameter: granularity σD at  D = 2.0.  
4.2 This test method describes how the parameters shall be measured and demonstrates how a classification table can be constructed.  
4.3 Manufacturers of industrial radiographic film systems and developer chemistry will be the users of this test method. The result is a classification table as shown by the example given in Table 2. Another table also includes speed data for user information. Users of industrial radiographic film systems may also perform the tests and measurements outlined in this test method, provided that the required test equipment is used and the methodology is followed strictly. (A) Family of films ranging in speed and image quality.  
4.4 The publication of classes for industrial radiography film systems will enable specifying bodies and contracting parties to agree to particular system classes, which are capable of providing known image qualities. See 8.2.  
4.5 ISO 11699–1 and European standard EN 584-1 describe the same m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the performance of film systems used for industrial radiography. This test method establishes minimum requirements that correspond to system classes.  
1.2 This test method is to be used only for direct exposure-type film exposed with lead intensifying screens. The performance of films exposed with fluorescent (light-emitting) intensifying screens cannot be determined accurately by this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1815 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1815; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 5-2 Photography Density Measurements—Part 2: Geo-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination
metric Conditions for Transmission Density
of the performance of film systems used for industrial radiog-
ISO 5-3 Photography and Graphic Technology—Density
raphy. This test method establishes minimum requirements that
Measurements—Part 3: Spectral Conditions
correspond to system classes.
ISO 7004 Photography—Industrial Radiographic Films, De-
1.2 This test method is to be used only for direct exposure-
termination of ISO Speed, ISO average gradient and ISO
type film exposed with lead intensifying screens. The perfor-
gradients G2 and G4 When Exposed to X and Gamma
mance of films exposed with fluorescent (light-emitting) inten-
Radiation
sifying screens cannot be determined accurately by this test
ISO 11699-1 Non-Destructive Testing—Industrial Radio-
method.
graphic Film—Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Industrial Radiography
ISO 11699-2 Non-Destructive Testing—Industrial Radio-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. graphic Film—Part 2: Control of Film Processing by
Means of Reference Values
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
2.3 European CEN Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
EN 584-1 Non-Destructive Testing—Industrial Radio-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
graphic Film—Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Industrial Radiography
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method, refer to Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 characteristic curve—curve showing the relationship
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between the common logarithm of exposure logK, and the
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
optical density D.
Radiographic Film
3.2.2 diffuse density—quantitative measure of film blacken-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ing (optical density) as determined by a densitometer. It is the
sum of all transmitted and scattered light into the half sphere
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
behind the film.
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
3.2.3 film gradient G—the slope of the characteristic curve
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
at a specified optical density, D, and a measure of the contrast
ɛ1
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1815 - 08(2013) .
of the film system.
DOI: 10.1520/E1815-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1815 − 18
TABLE 1 Limiting Values for Gradient, Gradient/Granularity Ratio, and Granularity
Minimum Gradient G at Minimum Maximum
Gradient/ Granularity,
ASTM
Granularity σ , at D = 2.0
D
System
Ratio, G/σ , above D
D o
D = 2.0 D = 4.0
Class
at D = 2.0
above D above D
o o
above D
o
Special 4.5 7.5 300 0.018
I 4.1 6.8 150 0.028
II 3.8 6.4 120 0.032
III 3.5 5.0 100 0.039
W-A 3.8 5.7 135 0.027
W-B 3.5 5.0 110 0.032
W-C <3.5 <5.0 80 0.039
The classification is only valid for the complete film system.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E1815 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) E1815 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1815; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Research Report number and ISO Standards updated editorially in June 2013
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the performance of film systems used for industrial radiography.
This test method establishes minimum requirements that correspond to system classes.
1.2 This test method is to be used only for direct exposure-type film exposed with lead intensifying screens. The performance
of films exposed with fluorescent (light-emitting) intensifying screens cannot be determined accurately by this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 5-2 Photography Density Measurements—Part 2: Geometric Conditions for Transmission Density
ISO 5-3 Photography and Graphic Technology—Density Measurements—Part 3: Spectral Conditions
ISO 7004 Photography—Industrial Radiographic Films, Determination of ISO Speed, ISO average gradient and ISO gradients
G2 and G4 When Exposed to X and Gamma Radiation
ISO 11699-1 Non-Destructive Testing—Industrial Radiographic Film—Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial
Radiography
ISO 11699-2 Non-Destructive Testing—Industrial Radiographic Film—Part 2: Control of Film Processing by Means of
Reference Values
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3
2.3 European CEN Standard:
EN 584-1 Non-Destructive Testing—Industrial Radiographic Film—Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial
Radiography
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology
(X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published June 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
ɛ1
E1815 - 08.E1815 - 08(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/E1815-08R13E01.10.1520/E1815-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1815 − 18
TABLE 1 Limiting Values for Gradient, Gradient/Granularity Ratio, and Granularity
Minimum Gradient G at Minimum Maximum
Gradient/ Granularity,
ASTM
Granularity σ , at D = 2.0
D
System
Ratio, G/σ , above D
D o
D = 2.0 D = 4.0
Class
at D = 2.0
above D above D
o o
above D
o
Special 4.5 7.5 300 0.018
I 4.1 6.8 150 0.028
II 3.8 6.4 120 0.032
III 3.5 5.0 100 0.039
W-A 3.8 5.7 135 0.027
W-B 3.5 5.0 110 0.032
W-C <3.5 <5.0 80 0.039
The classification is only valid for the complete film system. In general, the classification for X-rays as described in
...