ASTM A939-96

Standard Test Method for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore surface.  
1.2 This test method applies to the manual testing mode. It does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized or automated.  
1.3 This test method applies to cylindrical forgings having bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. (63.5 mm).  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1996
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A939-96(2001) - Standard Test Method for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 939 – 96 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical
1
Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope prior to or after any subsequent stress relieving heat treatment.
3.3 The ultrasonic beam shall be introduced radially for
1.1 This test method covers a basic procedure of ultrasoni-
overall scanning.
cally inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore
surface. 3.4 Forgings may be tested either when stationary or while
1.2 This test method applies to the manual testing mode. It rotated by means of a lathe or rollers.
does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as
3.5 To ensure complete coverage of the bore surface, the
mechanized or automated.
search unit shall be indexed approximately 75 % of the
1.3 This test method applies to cylindrical forgings having
transducer width with each pass of the search unit.
bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. (63.5 mm).
1
3.6 A frequency of 2 ⁄4 MHz shall be used unless additional
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
transducer frequencies are specified by the purchaser.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
3.7 The bore hole diameter and calibration hole(s) shall be
for information purposes only.
as specified on the purchaser’s drawing or order.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Pulsed Ultrasonic Reflection Equipment and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Accessories
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Electronic Apparatus—A pulse echo instrument permit-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ting inspection frequencies of 1, 2.25, and 5 MHz is required.
2. Significance and Use
The accuracy of discontinuity amplitude analysis using this test
2.1 This test method shall be used when ultrasonic inspec-
method involves a knowledge of the true operating frequency
tion from the bore surface is required by the order or
of the complete inspection system. One of the best ways to
specification for inspection purposes in which the acceptance
obtain the desired accuracy is by use of a tuned pulser and
of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude,
narrow bans amplifier of known frequency response, with
or location of discontinuities or a combination thereof, which
either a broad band transducer or a narrow band tuned
leads to ultrasonic indications.
transducer of known and matching frequency. An equipment
2.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order
calibration plan that is acceptable to both the purchaser and the
requirements.
supplier shall be available.
2.3 This test method specifies dual search units, which
4.2 Amplifier—The amplifier and the cathode ray tube shall
depending on the angle, are sensitive only to 2 to 3 in. into the 1
provide linear response (within 65%)upto1 ⁄2 in. (38.1 mm)
metal from the bore surface.
sweep to peak. An equipment calibration plan that is acceptable
to both the purchaser and the supplier shall be available.
3. General Requirements
4.3 Signal Attenuator—The instrument shall contain a cali-
3.1 As far as possible, the entire bore surface shall be
brated gain control or signal attenuator (accurate within 65%
subjected to ultrasonic inspection. It may be impossible to
in each case) that will allow indications beyond the linear range
inspect some small portions of the bore surface because of
of the instrument to be measured. It is recommended that these
chamfers at stepdowns and other local configurations.
controls permit signal adjustment up to 25 to 1 (28 dB).
3.2 The bore ultrasonic inspection shall be performed after
4.4 Search Units—Dual longitudinal wave search units of
the final austenitizing and tempering heat treatment for me-
known effective frequency should be used for scanning. Each
chanical properties of the forging, and may be performed either
1
⁄4- by 1-in. (6.35 by 25.4-mm) 2.25 MHz transducer, used with
the 1-in. dimension parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
forging, will provide a desirable combination of resolution and
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibi
...