ASTM A311/A311M-95(2000)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved machinability.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an optional nature are provided.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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Designation: A 311/A 311M – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Specification for
Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to
Mechanical Property Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 311/A 311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope relieving, produces higher tensile and yield strengths provided
an appropriate composition is used; for example, medium
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and
carbon with normal or higher manganese content.
four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars
produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is
4. Classification
cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide
4.1 The bars are furnished in the following classes and
higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved
grades, and in the conditions shown in 6.4.
machinability.
4.1.1 Class A—Normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an
rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats in the following grades:
optional nature are provided.
Grades UNS Designations
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to
1018 G10180
be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are
1035 G10350
shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not 1045 G10450
1050 G10500
exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used inde-
1541 G15410
pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
1117 G11170
may result in nonconformance with the specification. 1137 G11370
1141 G11410
1144 G11440
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.2 Class B—Heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rounds and hexagons in the following grades:
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements Grade UNS Designations
1045 G10450
for
1050 G10500
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1541 G15410
of Steel Products 1141 G11410
4 1144 G11440
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
5. Ordering Information
3. Terminology
5.1 Orders for material under this specification should
3.1 Definitions:
include the following information as required to adequately
3.1.1 stress relieving—heating to a suitable temperature,
describe the desired material:
holding long enough to reduce residual stresses, and then
5.1.1 Quantity (weight [mass] or number of pieces),
cooling slowly enough to minimize the development of new
5.1.2 Name of material (carbon steel bars, cold drawn, stress
residual stresses.
relieved),
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1.3 Condition 8.3,
3.2.1 heavy draft—Using higher than normal drafts (ap-
5.1.4 Cross-sectional shape,
proximately 10 % through 35 % reduction), followed by stress
5.1.5 Size,
5.1.6 Length,
5.1.7 Class and grade,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1.8 Report of heat analysis, tensile properties Section 11,
A01.15 on Bars.
5.1.9 ASTM designation A 311 or A 311M,
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published August 1995. Originally
published as A 311–47T. Last previous edition A 311/A 311M–90b.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. J 1086.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 311/A 311M – 95 (2000)
5.1.10 Application, 7. Chemical Composition
5.1.11 Leaded steel, when required (see Table 1, footnote
7.1 Composition—The cast or heat analysis shall conform
A),
to the chemical composition requirements specified in Table 1
5.1.12 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
for the grade ordered.
5.1.13 Additional requirements, if any.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb carbon
8. Mechanical Properties
steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished, round 2.0 in.
8.1 Requirements—The bars shall conform to the require-
(50.8 mm) Diameter, 10 to 12 ft (3048 to 3658 mm) long, Class B, Grade
1050, (UNS G 10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A 311/
ments listed in Table 2.
A 311M dated____ , hydraulic cylinder piston rods. [5000
8.2 Number of Tests—At least one tension test shall be made
kg carbon steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished round
on each lot. A lot shall consist of bars of the same size from the
50 mm diameter, 3050 to 3650 mm long, Class B, Grade 1050 (UNS
same heat which have been stress relieved in the same
G 10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A 311M
dated ____ , hydraulic cylinder piston rods.]
stationary furnace charge. For continuous type of treatment, a
lot shall consist of 25 tons [25 Mg] or less of the same size of
6. Materials and Manufacture
each heat, treated in the same cycle.
6.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made by one or
8.3 Specimens—Tension test specimens shall be taken lon-
more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-
gitudinally in accordance with and from the locations specified
oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor-
in Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by
8.4 Test Methods—Tension tests shall be made in accor-
secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The yield
remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat
strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset or at 0.005 in./in.
shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single
primary heat. [0.005 mm/mm] of gage length, total extension under load.
6.2 Cold Working:
6.2.1 Class A bars shall be cold drawn using normal drafting
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
practices.
9.1 Surface Finish—Unless otherwise specified, the bars
6.2.2 Class B bars shall be cold drawn using heavy (higher
shall have a commercial bright smooth surface finish consistent
than normal) drafting practices.
with the cold finishing operations specified in 6.4.
6.3 Thermal Treatment—After cold drawing, the bars shall
9.2 Bars that are thermal treated after cold finishing may
be stress relieved at a temperature of not less than 550°F
have a discolored or oxidized surface.
[288°C] to meet the mechanical requirements specified in
Table 2. 9.3 Oiling—The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil
6.4 Condition—The bars shall be furnished in the following
or other rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment.
cold finish conditions, as specified:
9.4 Workmanship—The bars shall be free of pipe, cracks,
6.4.1 Cold drawn, stress relieved;
and flakes. Within the limits of good manufacturing and
6.4.2 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, and polished;
inspection practices, the bars shall be free of injurious seams,
6.4.3 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, ground, and pol-
laps, segregation, or other imperfections that, due to their
ished; and
nature, degree, or extent, will interfere with the use of the
6.4.4 Cold drawn, stress relieved, ground, and polished.
material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.
NOTE 2—When turned bars are specified, turning may be performed
prior to cold-drawing.
10. General Requirements
10.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Cast or Heat Analysis)
form to the requirements of the current edition of Specification
UNS Grade Carbon, Ma
...
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