ASTM A400-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical Properties
Standard Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical Properties
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in 4.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in 4.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the strength level desired can be based on hardness or the equivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4. If the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 4.1.3 for material identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, the strength level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.
3.2 The user, after determining the mechanical property requirements of the critical section (that carrying the greatest stress) of the part, should select the composition or compositions from Tables 1-6 that fulfills these requirements and is most suitable for processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of steel bars according to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part to be produced. This is not a specification for the procurement of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in Section 5.
1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables 1-6. The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described in Section 4) are as follows: (A) 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.(B) Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800 °F (427 °C) or higher.(C) 1 in. = 25.4 mm. (A) 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.(B) Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800 °F (427 °C) or higher.(C) 1 in. = 25.4 mm.(D) These steels have insufficient hardenability for Class P-4, because of difference in test locations, but are satisfactory for other smaller sizes. (A) 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.(B) Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800 °F (427 °C) or higher.(C) 1 in. = 25.4 mm. (A) 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.(B) Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800 °F (427 °C) or higher.(C) 1 in. = 25.4 mm.(D) These steels have insufficient hardenability for Class Q-4 parts because of different location of test specimens, but are satisfactory for smaller sections.(E) For these steels, the yield to tensile-strength ratio will usually be lower than 80 %. (A) Hot-rolled bars are indicated in table by prefix “HR.”(B) Cold-drawn bars are indicated in table by prefix “CD.” These bars are produced by normal practice in cold-drawing and with no stress relief. Bars cold-finished by turning, grinding, turning and polishing, etc., are not covered under cold-drawn bars, as such cold-finished bars have the properties of hot-rolled bars.(C) Classification of cold-drawn steels by size and yield-strength level in this table is based on yield-strength determinations at 0.2 % offset, or as determined by 0.005 in./in. elongation under load for yield strengths up to 90 000 psi, incl, and by 0.006 in./in. elongation under load for yield strengths above 90 000 psi.(D) 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.(E) 1 in. = 25.4 mm. (A) Conditions and treatments of bars are indicated in this table by the symbols shown below. Bars cold-finished by turning, grinding, turning and polishing, etc., are not covered, as such bars have the properties of hot-rolled bars. “CD” = Bars produced by normal practice in cold-drawing, and with no stress relief. “CDT” = Cold-drawn bars with subsequent thermal treatment. Heavier than normal drafts may be required.(B) Classification of cold-drawn steels by size and yield-strength level in this table is based on yield-strength determinations at 0.2 % offset or as determined by 0.005 in./in. elongation under load for yield strengths up to 90 000 psi, and by 0.006 in./in. elongation under load for yield strengths above 90 000 psi.(C) 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.(D) 1 in. = 25.4 mm. (A) 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A400 − 17
Standard Practice for
Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical
1
Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers the selection of steel bars according
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to be produced. This is not a specification for the procurement
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Section 5.
1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections
2. Referenced Documents
and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1-6. The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described
Finished
in Section 4) are as follows:
A304 Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Bars Subject
1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the
to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
mechanicalpropertiesshowninTables1-4byliquidquenching
A311/A311M Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-
from a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at
Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Prop-
800 °F (427 °C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made
erty Requirements
at a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence
A322 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent
A633/A633M Specification for Normalized High-Strength
mechanical properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop
Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates
practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tem-
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
pering temperatures, and mild agitation of the part in the
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
quenching bath.
1.2.2 ClassR should be capable of developing the mechani-
3. Significance and Use
cal properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by cold
3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in
drawing, or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment.
4.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in
The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 6.2.
4.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the
1.3 Itisnotimpliedthatthecompositionslistedinthetables
strength level desired can be based on hardness or the
aretheonlyonessatisfactoryforacertainclassandmechanical
equivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4.If
property requirement. Steels with lower alloy contents are
the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 4.1.3 for
often satisfactory through the use of special processing tech-
material identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, the strength
niques.
level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 The user, after determining the mechanical property
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
requirements of the critical section (that carrying the greatest
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
stress) of the part, should select the composition or composi-
and are not considered standard.
tions from Tables 1-6 that fulfills these requirements and is
most suitable for processing.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.15 on Bars. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A400 – 69 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0400-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Chan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A400 − 69 (Reapproved 2012) A400 − 17
Standard Practice for
Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical
1
Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the selection of steel bars according to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part to
be produced. This is not a specification for the procurement of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in Section
5.
1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables 1-6.
The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described in Section
4) are as follows:
1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching from
a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at 800°F (427°C)800 °F (427 °C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made
at a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent mechanical
properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tempering temperatures,
and mild agitation of the part in the quenching bath.
1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by cold drawing,
or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment. The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 6.2.
1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tables are the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanical
property requirement. Steels with lower alloy contents are often satisfactory through the use of special processing techniques.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
A311/A311M Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
A322 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
A633/A633M Specification for Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
3. Significance and Use
3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in 4.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in 4.1.2
for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the strength level desired can be based on hardness or the equivalent tensile
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15
on Bars.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2017. Published April 2012December 2017. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as A400 – 69 (2012). (2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0400-69R12.10.1520/A0400-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A400 − 17
TABLE 1 Steels for Moderately Que
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A400 − 17
Standard Practice for
Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical
1
Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers the selection of steel bars according
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to be produced. This is not a specification for the procurement
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Section 5.
1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections
2. Referenced Documents
and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1-6. The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described
Finished
in Section 4) are as follows:
A304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject
1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the
to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching
A311/A311M Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-
from a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at
Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Prop-
800 °F (427 °C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made
erty Requirements
at a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence
A322 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent
A633/A633M Specification for Normalized High-Strength
mechanical properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop
Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates
practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tem-
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
pering temperatures, and mild agitation of the part in the
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
quenching bath.
1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the mechani-
3. Significance and Use
cal properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by cold
3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in
drawing, or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment.
4.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in
The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 6.2.
4.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the
1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tables
strength level desired can be based on hardness or the
are the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanical
equivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4. If
property requirement. Steels with lower alloy contents are
the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 4.1.3 for
often satisfactory through the use of special processing tech-
material identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, the strength
niques.
level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 The user, after determining the mechanical property
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
requirements of the critical section (that carrying the greatest
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
stress) of the part, should select the composition or composi-
and are not considered standard.
tions from Tables 1-6 that fulfills these requirements and is
most suitable for processing.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.15 on Bars. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A400 – 69 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0400-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
...
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