ASTM D4028-96(2002)

Standard Specification for Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening, and should help users recognize the characteristics of acceptable vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening. This specification is limited in application to vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening that is produced with a ribbed pattern woven in the warp direction. The applicability of this specification to vinyl-coated fiber glass type solar screening of a non-rib, a double rib (ribs in both warp and filling direction), or a filling rib construction is not known.
1.2 This specification shows the definitions, general requirements, and physical requirements for commercial standard vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening designed and woven for installation in any dwelling, building, or structure for the purpose of providing a significant reduction in solar heat gain, while providing outward view and interior light. Solar screening provides a structure that has insect-restraining capabilities equivalent to standard insect screening.
Note 1 -- For information on standard insect screening, see Specification D 3656.
1.3 This specification shows the values in both SI units and inch-pound units. "SI" is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. "Inch-pound units" is the technically correct name for customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 8-21 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2002
• ICS: 59.080.40 - Coated fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.18 - Glass Fiber and its Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4028-96 - Standard Specification for Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D4028-07 - Standard Specification for Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4028 – 96 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for vinyl- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
coated fiber glass solar screening, and should help users D76 SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTextiles
recognize the characteristics of acceptable vinyl-coated fiber D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
glass solar screening. This specification is limited in applica- D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
tion to vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening that is produced D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
with a ribbed pattern woven in the warp direction. The D1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
applicability of this specification to vinyl-coated fiber glass D3374 Specification for Vinyl-Coated Glass Yarns
type solar screening of a non-rib, a double rib (ribs in both D3656 SpecificationforInsectScreeningandLouverCloth
warp and filling direction), or a filling rib construction is not Woven from Vinyl-Coated Glass Fiber Yarn
known. D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
1.2 Thisspecificationshowsthedefinitions,generalrequire- D3774 Test Method for Width of Woven Fabric
ments, and physical requirements for commercial standard D3775 Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric
vinyl-coatedfiberglasssolarscreeningdesignedandwovenfor D3776 Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of
installation in any dwelling, building, or structure for the Fabric
purpose of providing a significant reduction in solar heat gain, D4909 Test Method for Color Stability of Vinyl-Coated
while providing outward view and interior light. Solar screen- Glass Textiles to Accelerated Weathering
ing provides a structure that has insect-restraining capabilities D4912 Test Method for Fabric Stability of Vinyl-Coated
equivalent to standard insect screening. Glass Yarn Insect Screening and Louver Cloth
D4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands and
NOTE 1—For information on standard insect screening, see Specifica-
Fabrics
tion D3656.
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
1.3 This specification shows the values in both SI units and
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
inch-pound units. “SI” is the technically correct name for the
E171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
system of metric units known as the International System of
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
Units. “Inch-pound units” is the technically correct name for
2.2 AATCC Standard:
customary units used in the United States.The values stated in
Evaluating Procedure 1, Grey Scale for Color Change.
either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as
2.3 ANSI ASHRAE Standard:
standard. The values expressed in each system may not be
Standard 74-1988, Method of Measuring Solar-Optical
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
Properties of Materials
pendently of the other without combining in any way.
2.4 Federal Test Method Standards:
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
No. 191, Method5872, Effect of High Temperature on
test method portion, Sections 8-21 of this specification: This
Cloth Blocking, Textile Test Methods
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
tions prior to use. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
TextilesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD13.18onGlassFiberand Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-
Its Products. Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published June 1997. Originally AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
published as D4028–81. Last previous edition D4028–90. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4028 – 96 (2002)
No.191, Method5903,FlameResistanceofCloth,Vertical, the solar gain through a single light of double-strength sheet
Textile Test Methods glass under the same conditions.
CCC D-950 Specification, Dyeing and After Treating Pro-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—This definition is from the American
cesses for Cotton Cloths
Society of Heating, Refrigerating, andAir-Conditioning Engi-
2.5 Military Standard:
neers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Handbook of Fundamentals.
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
3.1.6 solar screening, n—of coated fiber glass yarn solar
spection by Attributes
screening,awovenfabricthatimpartsashieldingorprotection
from light, heat, wind, and insects without excessive alteration
3. Terminology
orimpairmentofvisualviewing,andthathasameshinexcess
of 12 by 12 with a rib pattern in the warp direction formed by
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 acceptable quality level (AQL or P1)—in acceptance the weaving of two or more contiguous yarns with a minimum
of space between such yarns followed by space equivalent to
sampling the maximum fraction of nonconforming items at
which the process average can be considered satisfactory; the the width of one or more of the yarns in the rib.
process average at which the risk of rejection is called the
3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
producer’s risk.
method refer to Terminology D123.
3.1.2 atmosphere for testing textiles, n—for glass, air main-
3.1.8 For definitions of plastic terms used in this method
tained at a relative humidity of at least 48% and no greater
refer to Terminology D883.
than 67%, and at a temperature of at least 20°C (68°F) and no
greater than 25°C (77°F).
4. General Requirements
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Glasstextilesareusedinvariousprod-
4.1 Material:
ucts such as reinforced plastics, mat-like material, tire cords,
4.1.1 Workmanship—All commercial standard vinyl-coated
electrical insulation, etc. Each of these materials require
glassyarnsolarscreeningshallbemadeofhighgradematerial
differenttestingatmospheres.Itistheintentofthiswidespread
with good workmanship and meet the yarn requirements
in testing atmosphere to allow testing of glass textiles in
specifiedinSpecificationD3374.Productsshallbefreeofany
respective laboratories where end product test atmosphere
defects that might affect serviceability or appearance, except
requirements differ. The test atmospheres for respective prod-
those permitted in footnote C of Table 1. The quality accep-
uctsshouldbecontrolledasspecifiedinSpecificationE171.It
tance levels will be determined by agreement between the
is the opinion of Subcommittee D13.18 that the physical
purchaser and the supplier.
properties cited in respective specifications would not be
4.1.2 Plasticizers—The material used to coat or impregnate
affectedbytherangeselected.Inanyevent,thetestatmosphere
the fibrous glass yarn shall be a compound of polymerized or
should be stated in the report.
copolymerized vinyl chloride resin, plasticized with phosphate
3.1.3 fabric stability, n—in vinyl coated glass screening and
or phthalate ester plasticizers exclusively, pigmented and
louver cloth, the property denoting the ability to resist move-
stabilized to meet the requirements herein.
ment of yarn segments in one direction over yarn segments in
the opposite direction. 4.1.2.1 Optional Plasticizer—Atthesupplier’soption,plas-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The movement of the yarns may be a ticizers other than phosphates and phthalates may be used
result of weak bonds between crossing yarns as the coating is provided the color is not affected and the coating compound is
fused during manufacture. treated with solubilized copper 8 quinolinolate which is listed
3.1.4 mesh, n—in coated glass yarn fabrics, the number of as inhibitor (e) in Federal Standard CCC-D-950. The amount
warp yarns or ends per linear 25.4 mm (1 in.) followed by the of fungicide shall be based on the nonvolatile content of the
number of filling yarns or picks per linear 25.4 mm (1 in.). coating. The coating compound shall be chemically analyzed
3.1.5 shading coeffıcient, n—the ratio of the solar heat gain for copper 8 quinolinolate content in accordance with Federal
through a glazing system under a specific set of conditions to Standard CCC-D-950.
A
TABLE 1 Defects
Bias or bowed filling – distortion at any point 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) or more from Scalloped selvage
horizontal
Broken or missing end or pick Slack, or tight selvage
Curled (doubled, rolled, or folded) selvage Smash
2 2
Cut, hole, or tear Splice – more than one in 929 cm (1 ft )
Damaged selvage extending into body of screening Splice – more than 25 mm (1 in.) in length
Double picks Splice – not well made or showing loose ends exceeding 25 mm (1 in.) in length
B
Floats Spot, stain, streak, or mottled
Hitch-back, open place, or slippage Tight end or pick – causing waviness or ridge
C
Jerked-in filling, slough-off, or kinky filling Uncoated yarns
Knots Warp streaks or filling bar
B
Offshade Wrong draw
A
For definitions of terms used in this table, refer to Terminology D 123.
B
At normal inspection distance, approximately1m(1yd).
C
Singleendsorpicksunevenlycoatedandgivingtheappearanceofastreak,orlight-colored,butcoatedyarn,shallnotbescoredasadefectwhenexaminedatnormal
inspection distance of approximately1m(1yd).
D 4028 – 96 (2002)
TABLE 3 Properties—Sample Average
4.1.3 Color—ForcolorslistedinTable2,themaximumand
minimum shade limits shall be defined by color designations Mesh 53 Mesh 54 Mesh 54
Properties
by 16 by 16 by 18
listed in Federal Standard595A as agreed upon between the
Mass per unit area, min:
purchaser and the supplier.
g/m 246 246 246
4.1.4 Selvage—Vinyl-coated glass screening may be sup-
oz/yd 7.25 7.25 7.25
pliedwithorwithoutselvagesasagreedbetweenthepurchaser
Ignition loss, min, % 50 50 50
Breaking strength, min:
and supplier.
Warp N 400 400 400
4.1.5 Yarn Splices—Vinyl-coated glass yarn splices shall be
lbf 90 90 90
permitted provided they show no tails and do not exceed 25
Fill N 155 155 155
lbf 35 35 35
mm (1 in.) in length. Yarn splices in the solar screening shall
Fabric stability, min:
notexceed15perstandard30m(100ft)roll,andnomorethan
Warp N 67 67 89
2 2
one splice shall occur in any 9.30 cm (1 ft ) of product.
lbf 15 15 20
Fill N 67 67 89
4.2 Put-Up—Vinyl-coated glass yarn solar screening shall
lbf 15 15 20
beput-uponrollsandincontainerswhosedimensionsshallbe
Shading coefficient,max 0.36 0.36 0.36
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
5. Physical Requirements
5.9 Shading Coeffıcient—The average shading coefficient
5.1 Appearance—Unless otherwise agreed upon between
shall equal or be less than the value specified in Table 3.
the purchaser and the supplier, a roll shall be defective if it
5.10 Flame Resistance—There shall be no propagation of
contains one or more defects from the list in Table 1, and the
flamealonganyspecimenforlongerthan10safterremovalof
lot shall be unacceptable if the number of defective sample
flame source, and no single specimen may propagate flame
rolls exceeds the acceptance number in Table 6. Table 6 is
along its entire length in any time increment.
based on an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 4% defective
5.11 Blocking Resistance—Thesurfacesofthesolarscreen-
rolls.
ing shall not adhere or exhibit blocking in excess of Scale No.
5.2 Mesh—The standard average mesh shall be approxi-
1.
matelyeven-spacedasspecifiedinTable2, 60.5meshper25.4
5.12 Color Stability to Accelerated Weathering—The
mm (1 in.) in the non-rib direction and 62 mesh in the rib
change from the original color after 480 h of accelerated
direction. There are no tolerance requirements within 13 mm
weathering exposure shall be no greater than Step 3 of the
(0.5 in.) of the selvage.
AATCC Gray Scale for evaluating change in color.
5.3 Roll Length—Each roll of solar screening complying
5.12.1 The change from the original color after 960 h of
with Specification D4028 shall contain not less than 30 linear
accelerated weathering exposure shall be no greater than Step
m (100 linear ft), and shall contain not more than two pieces
2 of the AATCC Gray Scale.
per roll with no piece less than 3 linear m (10 linear ft).
5.12.2 Exposure periods and acceptable changes for colors
5.3.1 The lot shall be unacceptable if the total of the actual
otherthanthecolorsaslistedinTable2shallbeasagreedupon
gross lengths of rolls in the sample is less than the total of the
between the purchaser and the supplier.
gross lengths marked on the roll tickets.
5.4 Width—The standard average roll width shall be as
6. Sampling Inspection and Number of Specimens
specified in Table 2+7 or−0 mm (+0.25 or−0 in.).
5.5 Mass per Unit Area—The minimum average mass per 6.1 Lot Size—A lot shall consist of each shipment of a
unit area for each class shall be as specified in Table 3. single solar screening having the same color and mesh, unless
5.6 Ignition Loss—The average ignition loss shall equal or otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
exceed the value specified in Table 3. The lot size shall be designated in linear units of metres (feet).
6.2 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
5.7 Breaking Strength—Theaveragebreakingstrengthshall
equal or exceed the value specified in Table 3. take the number of rolls of solar screening directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between
5.8 Fabric Stability—The yarns shall be bonded at the
contact or cross-over points to give sufficient fabric stability to thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsofsolarscreening
the finished product to equal or exceed the applicable average to be the primary sampling unit. In the absence of such an
force values specified in Table 3. agreement, take the number of rolls specified in Table 4.
TABLE 2 Generally Available Mesh, Widths,
...