ASTM E2041-08e1
(Test Method)Standard Method for Estimating Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimeter Using the Borchardt and Daniels Method
Standard Method for Estimating Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimeter Using the Borchardt and Daniels Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in research and development.
The determination of the appropriate model for a chemical reaction or transformation and the values associated with its kinetic parameters may be used in the estimation of reaction performance at temperatures or time conditions not easily tested. This use, however, is not described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters of activation energy, Arrhenius pre-exponential factor, and reaction order using the Borchardt and Daniels treatment of data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 170 to 870 K (−100 to 600 °C).
1.2 This treatment is applicable only to smooth exothermic reactions with no shoulders, discontinuous changes, or shifts in baseline. It is applicable only to reactions with reaction order
n ≤ 2. It is not applicable to autocatalyzed reactions and, therefore, is not applicable to the determination of kinetic parameters for most thermoset curing reactions or to crystallization reactions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This test method is similar, but not equivalent to, ISO Method 11357, Part 5, that contains provisions for additional information not supplied by this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2041 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Estimating Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning
1
Calorimeter Using the Borchardt and Daniels Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2041; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Minor editorial corrections were made in April 2009.
1. Scope E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the
E537Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals
kinetic parameters of activation energy, Arrhenius pre-
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
exponential factor, and reaction order using the Borchardt and
2 E698Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for
Daniels treatment of data obtained by differential scanning
Thermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scan-
calorimetry. This test method is applicable to the temperature
ning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa Method
range from 170 to 870 K (−100 to 600 °C).
E967Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
1.2 This treatment is applicable only to smooth exothermic
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential ThermalAna-
reactionswithnoshoulders,discontinuouschanges,orshiftsin
lyzers
baseline. It is applicable only to reactions with reaction order
E968Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential
n ≤ 2. It is not applicable to autocatalyzed reactions and,
Scanning Calorimeters
therefore, is not applicable to the determination of kinetic
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
parameters for most thermoset curing reactions or to crystalli-
E1445Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemi-
zation reactions.
cals
E1641TestMethodforDecompositionKineticsbyThermo-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this gravimetry
E1970PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
standard.
Data
1.4 This test method is similar, but not equivalent to,
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO11357, Part 5, that contains provisions for additional
ISO11357Part 5: Determination of Temperature and/or
information not supplied by this test method.
4
Time of Reaction and Reaction Kinetics
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
methodaredefinedinTerminologiesE473,E1142,andE1445.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
3
4.1 Atest specimen is heated at a linear rate in a differential
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scanning calorimeter or other suitable calorimeter through a
region of exothermic reaction behavior. The rate of heat
evolution, developed by a chemical reaction, is proportional to
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
therateofreaction.Integrationoftheheatflowasafunctionof
Measurementsand the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calorimetry
and Mass Loss. time yields the total heat of a reaction.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
2
4.2 The Borchardt and Daniels data treatment is used to
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2041–03. DOI:
10.1520/E2041-08E01. derive the kinetic parameters of activation energy, Arrhenius
2
Borchardt, H.J., Daniels, F., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. Vol 79, pp.41–46 (1957).
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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E2041 − 08
pre-exponential factor, and reaction order from the heat flow 5.7 Kinetic results obtained by this test method may be
and total heat of reaction information obtained in 4.1 (see compared with those obtained by Test Method E698.
Section 5).
6. Significance and Use
5. Basis of Methodology
6.1 This test method is useful in research and development.
5.1 Kinetic reactions may be modeled with a number of
2
6.2 Thedeterminationoftheappropriatemodelforachemi-
suitabl
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2041–03
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Standard Method for Designation:E2041–08
Standard Test Method for
Estimating Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning
1
Calorimeter Using the Borchardt and Daniels Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2041; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Minor editorial corrections were made in April 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters of activation energy, Arrhenius pre-exponential
2
factor, and reaction order using the Borchardt and Daniels treatment of data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. This
test method is applicable to the temperature range from 170 to 870 K (−100 to 600 °C).
1.2 This treatment is applicable only to smooth exothermic reactions with no shoulders, discontinuous changes, or shifts in
baseline. It is applicable only to reactions with reaction order
n# 2. It is not applicable to autocatalyzed reactions and, therefore, is not applicable to the determination of kinetic parameters
for most thermoset curing reactions or to crystallization reactions.
1.3Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may be used.
NOTE1—Theuserisadvisedthatallelectronicdatatreatmentmaynotbeequivalent.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofsuchelectronicdatatreatment
to verify applicability to this test method.
1.4 SI values are the standard.
1.5This test method is similar, but not equivalent to, ISO Method 11357, Part 5, which contains provisions for additional
information not supplied by this test method.
1.6
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This test method is similar, but not equivalent to, ISO Method 11357, Part 5, that contains provisions for additional
information not supplied by this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
3
E537 TestMethodforAssessingtheThermalStabilityofChemicalsbyMethodsofDifferentialThermalAnalysis TestMethod
for The Thermal Stability Of Chemicals By Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3
E698 Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for Thermally Unstable Materials Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic
Constants for Thermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa Method
E967 Practice Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal
Analyzers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Test Methods
and Recommended Practices.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E2041–01.on Calorimetry and
Mass Loss.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2041–03.
2
Borchardt, H.J., Daniels, F., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. Vol 79, pp.41–46 (1957).
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 14.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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E2041–08
E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
3
E1145Terminology Relating to Hazardous Properties of Chemicals 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of
Chemicals
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry
E1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
2.2 ISO Standards:
4
ISO 11357 Part 5: Determination of Temperature a
...
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