ASTM E1894-13

Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:  
4.1.1 Generation of X-ray and gamma-ray environments similar to that from a nuclear weapon burst.  
4.1.2 Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.  
4.1.3 Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.  
4.1.4 Vulnerability and survivability testing of military systems and components.  
4.1.5 Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems (not all radiation parameters must be measured in a given experiment) for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary of the information on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose-rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• Technical Committee: E10 - Nuclear Technology and Applications
• Drafting Committee: E10.07 - Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1894-08 - Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM E1894-13a - Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F744M-16 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Dose Rate Threshold for Upset of Digital Integrated Circuits (Metric) (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F773M-16 - Standard Practice for Measuring Dose Rate Response of Linear Integrated Circuits (Metric) (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F526-21 - Standard Test Method for Using Calorimeters for Total Dose Measurements in Pulsed Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F996-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Separating an Ionizing Radiation-Induced MOSFET Threshold Voltage Shift Into Components Due to Oxide Trapped Holes and Interface States Using the Subthreshold Current–Voltage Characteristics (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F1893-18 - Guide for Measurement of Ionizing Dose-Rate Survivability and Burnout of Semiconductor Devices (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F1467-18 - Standard Guide for Use of an X-Ray Tester (≈10 keV Photons) in Ionizing Radiation Effects Testing of Semiconductor Devices and Microcircuits
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F980-16 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Rapid Annealing of Neutron-Induced Displacement Damage in Silicon Semiconductor Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1894 − 13
StandardGuide for
Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed
1
X-Ray Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU)
3
and Measurements Reports:
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using
ICRU Report 14Radiation Dosimetry: X rays and Gamma
dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and
RayswithMaximumPhotonEnergiesBetween0.6and50
dose-rate techniques are described.
MeV
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are
ICRU Report 17Radiation Dosimetry: X rays Generated at
given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.
Potentials of 5 to 150 kV
ICRU Report 33Radiation Quantities and Units
1.3 Assistanceisprovidedtorelatethemeasureddosetothe
response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed ICRU Report 34The Dosimetry of Pulsed Radiation
to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.
3. Terminology
3.1 absorbed dose—quotientof de¯/dm,where de¯ isthemean
2. Referenced Documents
energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass dm:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
d
E170Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
D 5 e¯ (1)
dm
Dosimetry
E666Practice for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose From Gamma
See ICRU Report 33. The special name for the unit for
or X Radiation
absorbed dose is the gray (Gy).
E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-
1Gy 51J/kg (2)
Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed
DoseinRadiation-HardnessTestingofElectronicDevices Formerly, the special unit for absorbed dose was the rad,
E1249Practice for Minimizing Dosimetry Errors in Radia-
where 1 rad = 100 erg/g.
tionHardnessTestingofSiliconElectronicDevicesUsing
1 rad 5 0.01Gy (3)
Co-60 Sources
Since the absorbed dose due to a given radiation field is
ISO/ASTM 51261Guide for Selection and Calibration of
material dependent, it is important to include the material
Dosimetry Systems for Radiation Processing
composition for which the dose is being reported, e.g., 15.3
ISO/ASTM 51275Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film
Gy(LiF).
Dosimetry system
ISO/ASTM 51310Practice for Use of a Radiochromic 3.2 absorbed dose enhancement—increase (or decrease) in
Optical Waveguide Dosimetry system
the absorbed dose (as compared to the equilibrium absorbed
dose) at a point in a material of interest. This can be expected
to occur near an interface with a material of higher or lower
1
atomic number.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.3 converter—a target for electron beams, generally of a
E10.07 on Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
high atomic number material, in which bremsstrahlung X-rays
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1894–08. DOI: 10.1520/
are produced by radiative energy losses of the incident elec-
E1894-13.
trons.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the International Commission on Radiation Units and
the ASTM website. Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, U.S.A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1894 − 13
3.4 dosimeter—a device that, when irradiated, exhibits a 4.1.4 Vulnerability and survivability testing of military
quantifiable change in some property of the device which can systems and components.
be related to absorbed dose in a given material using appro- 4.1.5 Computer code validation studies.
priate analytical instrumentation and techniques.
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in
3.5 dosimetry system—a system used for determining ab- selecting the needed dosimetry systems (not all radiation
sorbed dose, consisting of dosimeters, measurement parameters must be measured in a given experiment) for use at
instruments, and their associated reference standards, and pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief
procedures for the system’s use. summary of the information on how to use each of the
dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more
3.6 DUT—device under test. Th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1894 − 08 E1894 − 13
Standard Guide for
Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed
1
X-Ray Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose-rate
techniques are described.
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash x-rayX-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to
be a semiconductor electronic part or system.
2. Contents
2.1 Section 1: Scope of guide.
2.2 Section 2: Outline.
2.3 Section 3: Related ASTM and ICRU documents.
2.4 Section 4: Definition of terms.
2.5 Section 5: Significance and use of this document for the selection of dosimetry systems for use in pulsed x-ray sources.
2.6 Section 6: Description of large flash x-ray sources and their characteristics.
2.7 Section 7: Measurement principles with an emphasis on obtaining absorbed dose measurements for different spectral
conditions in the dosimeter, the DUT, and the relationship between them.
2.8 Section 8: The primary information in this guide. The experimenter will find details on each dosimetry system. Listed are
details such as: 1) how the dosimeters works, i.e., physical principles, 2) typical applications or instrumentation configurations, 3)
advantages, 4) limitations, 5) sensitivity 6) procedures for calibration and proper use and finally reproducibility and accuracy.
2.9 Section 9: Suggested documentation requirements.
2.10 Section 10: Description of how the experimenter determines uncertainty in the dosimetry measurements.
2.11 Section 11: References.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and Dosimetry
E665 Practice for Determining Absorbed Dose Versus Depth in Materials Exposed to the X-Ray Output of Flash X-Ray
3
Machines (Withdrawn 2000)
E666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From Gamma or X Radiation
E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed Dose in
Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronic Devices
E1249 Practice for Minimizing Dosimetry Errors in Radiation Hardness Testing of Silicon Electronic Devices Using Co-60
Sources
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E10.07 on
Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008June 1, 2013. Published November 2008July 2013. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
E1894 – 97 (2002).E1894 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/E1894-08.10.1520/E1894-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1894 − 13
ISO/ASTM 51261 Guide for Selection and Calibration of Dosimetry Systems for Radiation Processing
ISO/ASTM 51275 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film Dosimetry system
ISO/ASTM 51310 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Optical Waveguide Dosimetry system
3
2.2 International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU) and Measurements Reports:
ICRU Report 14 Radiation Dosimetry: X rays and Gamma Rays with Maximum Photon Energies Between 0.6 and 50 MeV
ICRU Report 17 Radiation Dosimetry: X rays Generated at Potentials of 5 to 150 kV
ICRU Report 33 Radiation Quantities and Units
ICRU Report 34 The Dosimetry of Pulsed Radiation
3. Terminology
3.1 absorbed dose—quotient of de¯/dm, where de¯ is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass dm:
d
D 5 e¯ (1)
dm
See ICRU Report 33. The special name for the unit for absorbed dose is the gray (Gy).
1 Gy 5 1J/kg (2)
Formerly, the special unit for absorbed dose was the rad, where 1 rad = 100 erg/g.
1 rad 5 0.01 Gy (3)
Because the
...