ASTM D6041-97
(Specification)Standard Specification for Contact-Molded "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe and Fittings
Standard Specification for Contact-Molded "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe and Fittings
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pipe and fittings fabricated by contact molding, for pressures to 150 psi and made of a commercial-grade polyester resin. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
1.2 This specification does not cover resins other than polyester, reinforcing materials other than glass fibers or fabrication methods other than contact molding.
Note 1- For the purposes of this specification, the term polyester resin will include both polyester and vinylester resins.
1.3 This specification does not cover the design of pipe and fittings intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to Section 10, the test methods portion, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2- There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6041 – 97 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Contact-Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe and
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6041; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Insulation Materials for Testing
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.1 This specification covers pipe and fittings fabricated by
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
contact molding, for pressures to 150 psi and made of a
D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres-
commercial-grade polyester resin. Included are requirements
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions,
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.
Plastics
1.2 This specification does not cover resins other than
D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid
polyester, reinforcing materials other than glass fibers or
Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
fabrication methods other than contact molding.
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
NOTE 1—For the purposes of this specification, the term polyester resin 4
Resins
will include both polyester and vinylester resins.
D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-
1.3 This specification does not cover the design of pipe and
glass”(Glass–Fiber–Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe
fittings intended for use with liquids heated above their flash
and Fittings
points.
D 3681 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiber-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
glass” Pipe in a Deflected Condition
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided
D 5421 Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass”
for information purposes only.
(Glass–Fiber–Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Flanges
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to
F 412 Definitions of Terms Relating to Plastic Piping Sys-
Section 10, the test methods portion, of this specification: This
tems
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
2.2 ANSI Standards:
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
B18.22 Type “B” Narrow Washers
tions prior to use.
2.3 National Sanitation Foundation Standard:
NSF Standard 61 Drinking Water System Components—
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
Health Effects
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions:
C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass Fiber Reinforced
2 nology D 883 and Terminology F 412 and abbreviations are in
Structures Intended for Liquid Service
accordance with Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indi-
C 582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Ther-
cated. The abbreviation for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe
mosetting Plastic (RTP) Laminates for Corrosion Resistant
is RTRP.
Equipment
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996 and Sept. 10, 1997. Published November Floor, New York, NY 10036.
1997. Available from the National Sanitation Foundation, P.O. Box 1468, Ann Arbor,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. MI 48106.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6041
3.2.1 contact molding, n—a process for molding reinforced 4.1.4 Resin Pastes, used where necessary to fill crevices at
plastics in which reinforcement and resin are placed on an open joints prior to applying the joint laminate shall not be subject
mold or mandrel by either the “hand lay-up”(where resin and to the limitations of 4.1.3. Pastes shall be made with resin and
glass mat are applied by hand), or the “spray-up” manufactur- fillers. The resin used in the paste must be compatible with the
ing processes (where resin and chopped glass fibers are sprayed resin used in the pipe and fittings.
under pressure), or a combination of the two. The resulting 4.2 Fiber Reinforcements:
laminate is then consolidated by rolling and cured without the 4.2.1 Surfacing Mat (Veil) is a thin mat of fine fibers used
application of pressure. primarily to produce a smooth and corrosion–resistant resin-
3.2.2 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass –rich surface on a reinforced plastic laminate.
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured 4.2.1.1 Veils are made from chemical resistant (type “C”)
thermosetting resin. The composite structure may contain glass or organic fiber. The use of an organic-fiber surface mat
granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigments, or is recommended for environments that attack glass. The veil
dyes. Thermoplastic or thermosetting liners may be included. used in a laminate shall be determined to be acceptable for the
3.2.3 polyester, n—resins produced by the polycondensation chemical service either by Practice C 581 or by verified case
of dihydroxy glycols and dibasic organic acids or anhydrides, history.
wherein at least one component contributes ethylenic unsat- 4.2.1.2 The veil shall be a minimum of 10 mils in dry
uration yielding resins that can be compounded with styrol thickness and produce a thickness of 0.010 to 0.020 in. (0.25 to
monomers and reacted to give highly crosslinked thermoset 0.50 mm) when saturated with resin.
copolymers.
NOTE 8—The primary chemical resistance of the RTR pipe is provided
3.2.4 vinyl ester, n—resins characterized by reactive unsat-
by the resin. In combination with the cured resin, the surfacing veil helps
uration located predominately in terminal positions that can be
determine the thickness of the resin-rich layer, and reduces microcracking.
compounded with styrol monomers and reacted to give highly
4.2.2 Chopped-strand Reinforcements shall be “E”-type or
crosslinked thermoset copolymers.
“ECR”-type glass fibers 1 to 2 in. (25 to 50 mm) long applied
4. Materials and Manufacture in a uniform layer with random orientation. The fibers shall
have a sizing compatible with the selected resin. Chopped
NOTE 3—Specification C 582 provides additional information on the
strand reinforcements may be purchased and applied as a mat
materials and manufacturing of contact–molded laminates.
or as continuous strand roving which is chopped into short
NOTE 4—Fiberglass pipe intended for use in the transport of potable
water should be evaluated and certified as safe for this purpose by a testing lengths and sprayed onto the laminate in a process known as
agency acceptable to the local health authority. The evaluation should be
“spray up.” Either form is most commonly applied in layers
2 2
in accordance with requirements for chemical extraction, taste, and odor
weighing 1 ⁄2oz/ft (450 g/m ) although other weights are
that are no less restrictive than those included in National Sanitation
available and may be used.
Foundation (NSF) Standard 61. The seal or mark of the laboratory making
4.2.3 Woven Roving, shall be “E”-type or “ECR”-type glass
the evaluation should be included on the fiberglass pipe.
roving, woven into a fabric. The sizing on the roving shall be
4.1 Resin System:
compatible with the resin. The most common woven roving
4.1.1 The resin used shall be a commercial grade, corrosion-
2 2
hasa5by4 weave and a weight of 24 oz/yd (832 g/m ).
resistant polyester that has been determined to be acceptable
4.2.4 Non-woven Roving “E type or “ECR” glass reinforc-
for the service either by test, (see Practice C 581), or by
ing fabrics such as biaxials and uni-directionals may be used in
previous documented service. Where service conditions have
special applications such as reinforcing tees and other fittings
not been evaluated a suitable resin may also be selected by
or to improve the physical properties of the laminate in a
agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
specific direction.
4.1.1.1 The use of one resin in the corrosion barrier and a
4.2.5 Multiple Layer Reinforcements are fabrics composed
different resin in the structural layer (see Section 6) is permit-
of two or more layers of reinforcement combined into one
ted with the acceptance of the purchaser.
fabric. The most common form is one layer of 1 ⁄2 oz/ft
4.1.2 Additives, such as additional styrene, fillers, dyes,
chopped strand mat combined with one layer of 24 oz/yd
pigments, or flame retardants may be used when agreed upon
woven roving. The pipe manufacturer must use extra caution to
between the fabricator and purchaser. Thixotropic agents may
ensure proper laminate quality is maintained when using
be added to the resin for viscosity control.
multiple layer reinforcements.
NOTE 5—The addition of fillers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, and
thixotropic agents may interfere with visual inspection of laminate quality.
5. Design
NOTE 6—Chemical resistance can be affected by the catalyst/promoter
5.1 Design Basis:
system, diluents, dyes, fillers, flame retardants, or thixotropic agents used
5.1.1 Class A—For pipe to be manufactured using Type I or
in the resin.
Type II laminates as described in Specification C 582, the
NOTE 7—Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agents may be
added to halogenated resins for improved fire resistance, if agreed upon
Ultimate Tensile Stresses shown in Specification C 582 may be
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. These compounds do not
used for the design basis.
improve the flame retardancy of non-halogenated resins.
5.1.2 Class B—For pipe manufactured with other than Type
4.1.3 Ultraviolet Absorbers may be added for improved I or Type II laminates (in accordance with Specification
weather resistance when agreed upon between the manufac- C 582), or for Ultimate Tensile Stresses greater than those
turer and the purchaser. shown in C 582, testing in accordance with 10.5 or 10.6 is
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6041
required to establish a design basis for each laminate type used applied as chopped strand mat or as chopped roving (spray up
by the pipe manufacturer. Testing shall be performed on a process) (either in accordance with 4.2.2) resulting in a
2 2
sample laminate or pipe of the same type and construction as minimum reinforcement weight of 1 ⁄2 oz/ft (459 g/m ). The
will be used on the actual pipe and fittings. The thickness of the combined thickness of the inner surface and interior layer shall
laminate sample will be ⁄8in. (9.5 mm) or the maximum not be less than 0.05 in. Depending on the chemical environ-
2 2
thickness to be provided in the pipe and fittings, whichever is ment, multiple 1 ⁄2 oz/ft (459 g/m ) layers of chopped strand
less. If testing in accordance with 10.6, testing is required in applied as mat or spray up may be required. Two layers are
both directions if the reinforcement is not applied equally in most commonly used with as many as four or five layers
both directions. The laminate sample shall not include a occasionally used in severe environments. When multiple
corrosion barrier. Laminates greater than ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) thick layers are used, each ply of mat or pass of chopped roving shall
are to be constructed with standard repeating sequences of be well rolled to eliminate all trapped air prior to the applica-
reinforcement such as those described in Specification C 582. tion of additional reinforcement. Glass content of the inner
Results from previously tested laminates may be used provided surface and the interior layer combined shall be 27 6 5% by
that such laminates were manufactured with the same resin, weight, when tested in accordance with 10.4.
laminate type, and thickness within the previous five years.
6.1.2 Structural Layer—Subsequent reinforcement shall be
2 2 Type I or Type II or “other” as described below. Types I and II
NOTE 9—Reinforcements such as 24 oz/yd (832 g/m ) produced with a
are described in further detail including laminate sequences
5 by 4 weave are considered equal in both directions for the purpose of
and thicknesses in Specification C 582.
5.1.2.
6.1.2.1 Type I laminates consist of multiple layers of 1.5
5.2 Wall Thickness—The required wall thickness due to
2 2
oz/ft (0.46 kg/m ) chopped strand mat or equivalent weight of
internal pressure shall be determined by the following formula.
chopped roving as required to achieve the thickness as calcu-
Other loads such as thermal expansion and bending between
lated according to Section 5. Each successive ply or pass of
supports should also be considered. The minimum wall thick-
reinforcement shall be well-rolled prior to the application of
ness shall be the greater of 0.18 in. (4.5 mm) or 1 % of the pipe
additional reinforcement. The exterior surface shall be rela-
inside diameter.
tively smooth with no exposed fibers or sharp projections and
~P*ID!
t 5
enough resin shall be present to prevent fiber show.
~2* S – P!
6.1.2.2 Type II laminates consist of multiple layers of 1.5
2 2
where:
oz/ft (0.46 kg/m ) chopped strand mat or equivalent weight of
2 2
t = calculated wall thickness, in. (mm) (see 6.1.2.3),
chopped roving alternating with layers of 24 oz/yd (814 g/m )
P = design pressure, psi (kPa),
woven or non-woven roving as required to achieve the thick-
ID = inside diameter of the pipe, in. (mm),
ness as calculated according to Section 5. Each successive ply
S = allowable stress (not to exceed ⁄6 of the design basis),
or pass of reinforcement shall be well-rolled prior to the
p
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