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ASTM D2163-14e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrocarbon component distribution of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures is often required for end-use sale of this material. Applications such as chemical feed stocks or fuel require precise compositional data to ensure uniform quality. Trace amounts of some hydrocarbon impurities in these materials can have adverse effects on their use and processing.  
5.2 The component distribution data of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures can be used to calculate physical properties such as relative density, vapor pressure, and motor octane (see Practice D2598). Precision and accuracy of compositional data are extremely important when these data are used to calculate various properties of these petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity propene in the range of C1 to C5. Component concentrations are determined in the range of 0.01 to 100 volume percent.  
1.2 This test method does not fully determine hydrocarbons heavier than C5 and non-hydrocarbon materials, and additional tests may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.D0.03 - Propylene
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2163-14e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas ChromatographyASTM D2163-14e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
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ASTM D2163-14e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D2163 −14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Summary of Changes section was editorially added in March 2014.
1. Scope* D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-
ing Piston Cylinder
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
D6729 Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre
and mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity
Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
propene in the range of C to C . Component concentrations
1 5
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
are determined in the range of 0.01 to 100 volume percent.
ships
1.2 This test method does not fully determine hydrocarbons
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
heavier than C and non-hydrocarbon materials, and additional
5
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
tests may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
3
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 2.2 Canadian General Standards Board Publications:
only.
CAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 14.3 Standard Test Method for the
Identification of Hydrocarbon Components inAutomotive
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Gasoline Using Gas Chromatography
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4
2.3 Gas Processors Association:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
GPA Std 2145-03 for hexane
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) chromatography can be found in Practice E355.
Gases, Manual Method
3.1.2 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), n—hydrocarbon gases
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases that can be stored or handled in the liquid phase through
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and
compression or refrigeration, or both.
5
Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or 3.1.2.1 Discussion—LPG’s generally consist of C and C
3 4
Mass Basis
alkanes and alkenes or mixtures thereof and containing less
D2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Proper- than 10 volume percent of higher carbon number material.
ties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Composi-
Vapor pressure does not normally exceed 2000 kPa at 40ºC.
tional Analysis
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 propane/propene mixtures, n—mixtures primarily
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on composed of propane and propene where one of these compo-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
nents is usually in the concentration range of 30 to 85 mass %
Subcommittee D02.D0.03 on Propylene.
with the other comprising the majority of the remainder.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2163–07. DOI:
10.1520/D2163-14E01.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from CGSB, Canadian General Standards Board, Gatineau, Canada
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM K1A 1G6. Visit the CGSB website, www.pwgsc.gc.ca/cgsb/
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Gas ProcessorsAssociation (GPA), 6526 E. 60th St.,Tulsa, OK
the ASTM website. 74145, http://www.gasprocessors.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D2163−14
“Commercial Propane in Specification D1835 is typically this column oven. The temperature control must be capable of
sort of product mixture. obtaining a retention time repeatability of 0.05 min (3 s)
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Other components may be present, througho
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Information on the vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products under temperature conditions from 37.8 °C to 70 °C (100 °F to 158 °F) is pertinent to selection of properly designed storage vessels, shipping containers, and customer utilization equipment to ensure safe handling of these products.  
5.2 Determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gas is important for safety reasons to ensure that the maximum operating design pressures of storage, handling, and fuel systems will not be exceeded under normal operating temperature conditions.  
5.3 For liquefied petroleum gases, vapor pressure can be considered a semi-quantitative measure of the amount of the most volatile material present in the product, and this can give an indication of low temperature operability.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gauge vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products at temperatures of 37.8 °C (100 °F) up to and including a test temperature of 70 °C (158 °F). (Warning—Extremely flammable gas. May be harmful when inhaled.)
Note 1: An alternative method for measurement of vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gases is Test Method D6897.  
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ASTM D1265-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method

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5.1 Samples of liquefied petroleum gases are examined by various test methods to determine physical and chemical characteristics and conformance with specifications.  
5.2 Equipment described by this practice may be suitable for transportation of LPG samples, subject to applicable transportation regulations.
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1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of specification Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), such as specified in Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. This standard is applicable to flow-through cylinders with two valves and is not applicable to single valve cylinders or larger LPG sample containers such as those utilized for barbecue grills and/or forklift cylinders.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for obtaining representative samples for all routine tests for LP gases required by Specification D1835. In the event of a dispute involving sample integrity when sampling for testing against Specification D1835 requirements, Practice D3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.  
1.3 This practice may also be used for other Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) products that are normally highly volatile, single phase materials (NGL mix, natural gasoline, field butane, etc.), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, where use of open sample containers would risk the loss of volatile components. It is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities of undissolved gases (N2, CO2), free water or other separated phases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures and related materials. The same equipment can be used for these purposes, but additional precautions are generally needed to obtain representative samples of multiphase products (see Appendix X1 on Sampling Guidelines in Practice D3700).
Note 1: Practice D3700 describes a recommended practice for obtaining a representative sample of a light hydrocarbon fluid and the subsequent preparation of that sample for laboratory analysis when dissolved gases are present. Use of Practice D1265 will result in a small but predictable low bias for dissolved gases due to the liquid venting procedure to establish the 20 % minimum ullage.  
1.4 This practice includes recommendations for the location of a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as to obtain a representative sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Non-SI units are shown in parentheses for information only.  
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5.1 Liquefied petroleum gases and their products of combustion must not be unduly corrosive to the materials with which they come in contact. The potential personnel exposure hazards of H2S also make the detection and measurement of hydrogen sulfide important, even in low concentrations. In addition, in some cases the odor of the gases shall not be objectionable. (See Specification D1835 and GPA 2140.)
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4.1 These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
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ASTM D5305-23(Test Method)
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5.1 LP-gas is colorless and odorless, and not detectable by normal human senses. To provide an olfactory warning in the event of a leak, LP-gas intended for domestic or commercial fuel use is intentionally odorized so as to be readily detectable well below flammable or suffocating concentration levels of LP-gas in air. (See Appendix X1 for important explanations.) The most common odorant for LP-gas is ethyl mercaptan. The field use of this test method will rapidly determine the presence and concentration of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas vapor without the necessity for complex laboratory equipment.
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ASTM D1835-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases

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This specification covers liquefied petroleum gases consisting of propane, propene (propylene), butane, and mixtures of these materials. The products are intended for use as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and engine fuels. Care must be taken to in sampling of the liquefied gases for test results to be significant. All four types of liquefied petroleum gases covered by this specification should conform to the specified requirements for vapor pressure, volatile residue, residue matter, relative density, and corrosion.
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5.1 Control over the residue content (required by Specification D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications of LPG. In liquid feed systems, residues can lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor withdrawal systems, residues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment. Residues that remain in vapor-withdrawal systems will accumulate, can be corrosive, and will contaminate subsequent product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of regulating equipment and corrosion of metals.  
5.2 See Appendix X2 for information on the effect of temperature on the measurement of residue in LPG.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous materials weathering above 38 °C that are present in liquefied petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some instances.  
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain certain anti-icing additives can give erroneous results by this test method.  
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years, it might not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2598-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appliances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is necessary for determination of filling densities and custody transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in determining the products' suitability as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).  
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)  
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.  
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for information only.
1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6667-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sulfur content of LPG, used for fuel purposes, contributes to SOx emissions and can lead to corrosion in engine and exhaust systems. Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned by sulfur bearing materials in the feed stocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, to measure sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for compliance determinations when acceptable to a regulatory authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed, and final product materials. Precision has been determined for sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons in the range of 1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg and for sulfur in LP gases in the range of 1 mg/kg to 196 mg/kg (Note 1).
Note 1: An estimate of pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ), information regarding sample stability and other general information derived from the interlaboratory studies on precision can be referenced in the ASTM research reports.2,3  
1.2 This test method may not detect sulfur compounds that do not vaporize under the conditions of the test.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for total volatile sulfur determination in LP gases containing less than 0.35 % (mass/mass) halogen(s).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 3.1 and Sections 6 and 7 for specific warning statements.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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