ASTM D7544-10
(Specification)Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion, water content, pyrolysis solids content, kinematic viscosity, density, sulfur content, ash content, pH, flash point, and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. This type of biofuel is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.
Note 1—For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.5.1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7544 – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
1.1 This specification covers a pyrolysis liquid biofuel
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
produced from biomass intended for use in industrial burners
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
equipped to handle these types of fuels. This type of biofuel is
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial
ity)
boilers, engines, or marine applications.
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the physical, chemical,
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
X1.
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of
trometry
this type of fuel.
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static
1.3 Nothinginthisspecificationshouldprecludeobservance
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
D5854 PracticeforMixingandHandlingofLiquidSamples
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create
problemsinthehandlingofpyrolysisliquidbiofuel.Formoreinformation D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and
on the subject, see Guide D4865.
Fuel Systems
D7579 Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyroly-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
standard.
Glass Electrode
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
only in 3.5.1.
Titration
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 bulk fuel, n—fuel in the storage facility in quantities
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
over 190 L.
2. Referenced Documents 3.3 char, n—fine carbonaceous powder that is separated
2
from the vapors of biomass during pyrolysis.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.1 Discussion—Pyrolysis liquid biofuel contains uni-
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
formly suspended char.
Closed Cup Tester
3.4 fuel degradation products, n—those materials that are
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
formed in fuel during extended storage or exposure to high
temperatures.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.4.1 Discussion—During storage, reactive organic com-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
pounds in pyrolysis liquid can act together to form larger
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
molecules (fuel degradation products), which can become
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7544–09.
insoluble or increase the fuel viscosity, or both.
DOI:10.1520/D7544-10.
3.5 industrial burner, n—device which produces heat for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
industrial use through the combustion of liquid fuels.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D7544 – 10
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuels
Property Test Method Specification Units
Gross Heat of Combustion D240 15 min MJ/kg
Water Content E203 30 max mass %
Pyrolysis Solids Content D7579 2.5 m
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7544–09 Designation: D7544 – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in industrial burners equipped
to handle these types of fuels.This type of biofuel is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines,
or marine applications.
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this
type of fuel.
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on
the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.5.1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter D4057Practice for
Manual Sampling
of Petroleum and
Petroleum Prod-
ucts
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
D7579 Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on
Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published August 2009. DOI: 10.1520/D7544-09.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7544–09.
DOI:10.1520/D7544-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7544 – 10
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2 bulk fuel, n—fuel in the storage facility in quantities over 190 L.
3.3 char, n—fine carbonaceous powder that is separated from the vapors of biomass during pyrolysis.
3.3.1 Discussion—Pyrolysis liquid biofuel contains uniformly suspended char.
3.4 fuel degradation products, n—those materials that are formed in fuel during extended storage or exposure to high
temperatures.
3.4.1 Di
...
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