ASTM D789-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity of Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity of Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial evaluation of materials for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating causes.
4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:
4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,
4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,
4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,
4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the following),
4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid solution, and
4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic acid used.
4.3 Solvents used to prepare concentrated solutions for use in this test method are formic acid (9.2.6.1) and m-cresol (9.2.6.2).
4.4 Solvents used to prepare dilute solutions of various polyamides are designated in ASTM D6779, ISO 16396, and ISO 307. These include:
4.4.1 Formic Acid—PA 6, PA 46, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA MXD6 and corresponding copolyamides
4.4.2 Sulfuric Acid—PA 6, PA 46, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA 612, PA MXD6 and corresponding copolyamides
4.4.3 m-cresol—PA 612, PA1010, PA1012, PA 11, PA 12, PA1212, PA 11/12 copolymers, PA 6T/66, PA 6I/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 6I/6T/66
4.4.4 Phenol/1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (where legal)—PA 6T/66, PA 6I/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 6I/6T/66, PA 6T/66, PA 6I/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 10T PA 6I/6T/66, PPA and copolyamides
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative viscosity as it applies to concentrated solutions of polyamide (PA).
1.2 This test method does not address measures of viscosity derived from measurements with dilute solutions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, buy the technical content is different.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D789 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Relative Viscosity of Concentrated
1
Polyamide (PA) Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E1953Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and
Rheology Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative
E2975Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verifica-
viscosity as it applies to concentrated solutions of polyamide
tion of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
(PA).
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 This test method does not address measures of viscosity
ISO 307Determination of Viscosity Number of Polyamides
derived from measurements with dilute solutions.
in Dilute Solutions
ISO16396-1Plastics—Polyamide(PA)mouldingandextru-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly. sion materials—Part 1: Designation system, marking of
products and basis for specifications
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO17025General Requirements for the Competence of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions—The definitions used in these test methods
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, buy the
are in accordance with Terminology D883.
technical content is different.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
evaluationofmaterialsforspecificendusesandasameansfor
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
causes.
4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:
2. Referenced Documents
4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,
D446Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
following),
D2162Practice for Basic Calibration of MasterViscometers
4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid
and Viscosity Oil Standards
solution, and
D6779Classification System for and Basis of Specification
4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic
for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
acid used.
4.3 Solvents used to prepare concentrated solutions for use
in this test method are formic acid (9.2.6.1) and m-cresol
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.15onThermoplasticMaterials (9.2.6.2).
(Section D20.15.09).
4.4 Solvents used to prepare dilute solutions of various
Current edition approved June 15, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D789-15. DOI: polyamides are designated in ASTM D6779, ISO 16396, and
10.1520/D0789-18.
ISO 307. These include:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D789 − 18
4.4.1 Formic Acid—PA6, PA46, PA66, PA69, PA610, PA materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
MXD6 and corresponding copolyamides mercurycontainingproducts.SeetheapplicableproductSafety
4.4.2 Sulfuric Acid—PA6,PA46,PA66,PA69,PA610,PA Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be
612, PA MXD6 and corresponding copolyamides awarethatsellingmercuryand/ormercurycontainingproducts
4.4.3 m-cresol—PA 612, PA
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D789 − 15 D789 − 18
Standard Test MethodsMethod for
Determination of Solution ViscositiesRelative Viscosity of
1
Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 TheseThis test methods covermethod covers the determination of solution viscosities as they apply to relative viscosity as
it applies to concentrated solutions of polyamide (PA).
1.2 This test method does not address measures of viscosity derived from measurements with dilute solutions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, but the technical content is different.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, buy the technical content is different.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D6779 Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
E1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and Rheology Apparatus
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 307ISO 307 Determination of Viscosity Number of Polyamides in Dilute Solutions
ISO 16396-1 Plastics—Polyamide (PA) moulding and extrusion materials—Part 1: Designation system, marking of products and
basis for specifications
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions used in these test methods are in accordance with Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial evaluation
of materials for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating causes.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials
(Section D20.15.09).
Current edition approved April 1, 2015June 15, 2018. Published May 2015July 2018. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 20072015 as
ε1
D789 - 07D789 - 15. . DOI: 10.1520/D0789-15.10.1520/D0789-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D789 − 18
4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:
4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,
4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,
4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,
4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the following),
4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid solution, and
4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic acid used.
4.3 Solvents used to prepare concentrated solutions for use in this test method are formic acid (9.
...
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