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ASTM D4982-95(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste

Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in identifying the flammability potential or waste materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are used to indicate the fire-producing or fire-sustaining potential of wastes. The following test methods can be applied to waste liquids, sludges, or solids:SectionsTest Method A-Test Sample Exposed to Heat and FlameTest Method B-Test Sample Exposed to Spark Source
1.2 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of these tests may be used in addition to all other factors that are pertinent to a fire hazard assessment of a particular end use.
1.3 These test methods are designed and intended as preliminary tests to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine flammability. These test methods offer the option and the ability to screen waste for hazardous flammability potential when the analytical techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific hazard information is given in Section 5, 8.3.1 and 9.4.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2007
ICS
13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.05 - Screening Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4982-95(2001) - Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6523-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation and Selection of Alternative Daily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary Landfills
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5232-19 - Standard Practice for Determining the Stability and Miscibility of a Solid, Semi-Solid, or Liquid Waste Material
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6826-23 - Standard Specification for Sprayed Slurries, Foams and Indigenous Materials Used As Alternative Daily Cover for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007

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ASTM D4982-95(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4982 − 95(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Methods for
Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 Method A—A test sample is exposed to heat and flame.
1.1 These test methods are used to indicate the fire-
The sample is reported as having a positive or negative
producing or fire-sustaining potential of wastes. The following
flammability potential as described in the test procedure.
test methods can be applied to waste liquids, sludges, or solids:
3.2 Method B—Sparks from a flint lighter are introduced to
Sections
Test Method A—Test Sample Exposed to Heat and Flame 7-9 the vapor space immediately above a representative sample of
Test Method B—Test Sample Exposed to Spark Source 10 and 11
a waste, and observation is made for a flash in the vapor space
or ignition of the sample.Aflash in the vapor space or ignition
1.2 These test methods should be used to measure and
and burning of the waste indicates a positive flammability
describe the properties of materials, in response to heat and
potential at ambient temperature.
flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be
used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of
4. Significance and Use
materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of
4.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the
these tests may be used in addition to all other factors that are
waste management industries to aid in identifying the flamma-
pertinent to a fire hazard assessment of a particular end use.
bility potential or waste materials.
1.3 These test methods are designed and intended as pre-
5. Hazards
liminary tests to complement quantitative analytical techniques
5.1 Avoid inhalation and skin or eye contact, or both, of any
thatmaybeusedtodetermineflammability.Thesetestmethods
hazardous materials.
offer the option and the ability to screen waste for hazardous
5.2 Standard laboratory hygiene practices should be fol-
flammability potential when the analytical techniques are not
lowed when conducting these tests.
available or the total waste composition is unknown.
5.3 All tests must be performed in a laboratory hood.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.4 Waste containing or suspected of containing highly
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- volatile organics or peroxides should be tested using a much
smaller sample than that used in 9.2.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
5.5 The aluminum weighing boat should be placed on an
information is given in Section 5, 8.3.1 and 9.4.3.
inert, nonflammable surface.
6. Sampling
2. Terminology
6.1 Sample containers must be kept tightly sealed until
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tested.
2.1.1 screening analysis—a preliminary qualitative or semi-
6.2 Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after
quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user
collection.
specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
6.3 If necessary, allow the sample to come to room tem-
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
perature in a tightly sealed container. For example, frozen
dling.
material should be allowed to thaw completely.
TEST METHOD A—EXPOSURE TO HEAT AND
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on
FLAME
Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
Screening Methods.
7. Interferences
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
7.1 Drafts in the laboratory fume hood where the test is
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4982 – 95(2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D4982-95R07. performed could cause excessive cooling and false negative
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4982 − 95 (2007)
results.Aproperly operating fume hood with a face velocity of 9.2 Place a sufficient amount (approximately 5 g) of a test
100 ft/min should provide consistent, usable results. sample in an aluminum weighing boat or other nonflammable
container.
7.2 Ignition sources that provide excessive heating rates
alone or combined with a very small test portion may obscure
9.3 Using a gas burner, hold the flame immediately above
results. That is, the sample may be decomposed, sintered,
and perpendicular to the test sample for 2 to 3 s without
fused, evaporated, or otherwise consumed before positive or
touching the visible flame to the sample.
negative evidence of flammability is observed. The use of
9.3.1 If ignition (a flash or burning) is observed before or
sufficiently large test portions and of heating rates typical of a
after the source of ignition (the flame of the burner) is
bunsen burner should resolve this problem.
removed, the sample is said to have a positive flammability
potential. A positive result may require further investigation
7.3 An inadequate source of heating could limit the volatil-
(see 9.4.1).
ization of flammable components and provide false negative
9.3.2 The confirmation of flammability may require the use
results.
of a watchglass (see 7.4).
7.4 Difficult-to-observe flames resulting from the burning of
9.3.3 If there is no ignition, proceed to 9.4.
certain compounds (for example, methanol) could provide
false negative results. If the presence of these compounds is
9.4 Using a gas burner, briefly (for at least 10 s) apply the
suspected, the presence of flammability might be confirmed by
flame to the sample in an attempt to ignite the sample.
the insertion of a watchglass just above the test material. The
9.4.1 If the sample ignites, the sample is said to have a
watchglass is then examined for products of combustion (for
positive flammability potential.
example, moisture and soot).
9.4.1.1 When more accurate was
...

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4.1 This guide is suitable for sampling heterogeneous wastes.  
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5.1 This practice is intended for use in the waste management industries to collect samples of unconsolidated waste from trucks. The sampling procedures described are general and should be used in conjunction with a site-specific work plan.  
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Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste

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5.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in identifying the flammability potential or waste materials. In addition to the test methods described here, flash points specific to liquid waste can be determined according to Test Method D8174 or D8175.
SCOPE
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Sections  
Test Method A—Test Specimen Exposed to Heat and Flame  
8 – 10  
Test Method B—Test Specimen Exposed to Spark Source  
11 and 12  
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1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
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1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 6, 9.3.1, and 10.4.3.  
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Standard Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 This practice is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in determining the compatibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover assessment of the compatibility/reactivity of waste. The individual practices are as follows:    
Sections  
Practice A—Commingled Waste Compatibility  
8 – 12  
Practice B—Polymerization Potential (Reaction with  
Triethylamine)  
13 – 18  
Practice C—Water Compatibility  
19 – 25  
1.2 These practices are applicable to waste liquids, sludges, semi-solids, and solids.  
1.3 These practices are designed and intended as a preliminary or supplementary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that should be used to determine waste composition and compatibilities. This standard offers the user the option and the ability to screen wastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown, and to screen compatibility when the composition is known. (Warning—Delayed or slow reactions of wastes may go unnoticed.)  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see Sections 1.3, 6.1, 10, 11.2.3, 11.5.2, 16, and 23.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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