ASTM E2580-24
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended primarily for the testing of flat panel composites and sandwich core panels to an acceptance criteria most typically specified in a purchase order or other contractual document.
5.2 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice that require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers two procedures for ultrasonic testing (UT) of flat panel (parallel surfaces) composites and flat sandwich core panels. Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include uniaxial, cross ply, and angle ply laminates, as well as honeycomb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of the materials: product and process design optimization, on line process control, after manufacture inspection, and in-service inspection. Contact methods, such as angle-beam techniques using shear waves, are not discussed.
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for detection of laminar discontinuities. Two techniques can be considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse echo for one sided and through transmission (bubblers/squirters) for two sided. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The general types of anomalies detected by both techniques include foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-bonding, inclusions, porosity, and voids.
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. These test procedures can be applied to small area manual scanning and large area automated scanning. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (Non-contacting and Contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only one side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by automated or manual means. Automated and manual test results may be imaged or recorded.
FIG. 1 Test Procedure A, Example Pulse Echo Apparatus Set-ups
1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combination of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave and the other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2 for an example set-up using squirters). This procedure requires access to both sides of the specimen. This procedure is automated and the examination results are recorded.
FIG. 2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission Apparatus Set-up Using Squirters
1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2580 − 24
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich
1
Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combi-
nation of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave
1.1 This practice covers two procedures for ultrasonic
and the other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of
testing (UT) of flat panel (parallel surfaces) composites and flat
0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2 for an example set-up using
sandwich core panels. Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include
squirters). This procedure requires access to both sides of the
uniaxial, cross ply, and angle ply laminates, as well as
specimen. This procedure is automated and the examination
honeycomb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be
results are recorded.
used throughout the life cycle of the materials: product and
process design optimization, on line process control, after 1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
manufacture inspection, and in-service inspection. Contact
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
methods, such as angle-beam techniques using shear waves,
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
are not discussed.
standard.
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
detection of laminar discontinuities. Two techniques can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse echo for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
one sided and through transmission (bubblers/squirters) for two
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sided. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by ob-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
serving indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
received (through transmission) wave. The general types of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
anomalies detected by both techniques include foreign
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-bonding,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
inclusions, porosity, and voids.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures.
2. Referenced Documents
These test procedures can be applied to small area manual
2
scanning and large area automated scanning. Each has its own
2.1 ASTM Standards:
merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
agreed upon in a contractual document.
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (Non-contacting and
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
Contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting
tion
and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
20 MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
one side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
automated or manual means. Automated and manual test
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
results may be imaged or recorded.
Testing
E1065/E1065M Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
2
Ultrasonic Method. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E2580 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the stand
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2580 − 17 E2580 − 24
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich
1
Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice establishescovers two procedures for ultrasonic testing (UT) of flat panel (parallel surfaces) composites and flat
sandwich core panels (parallel surfaces). panels. Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include uniaxial, cross ply, and angle ply
laminates;laminates, as well as honeycomb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of the
materials;materials: product and process design optimization, on line process control, after manufacture inspection, and in service
in-service inspection. Contact methods, such as angle-beam techniques using shear waves, or surface-beam techniques using Lamb
waves, are not discussed.
1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for detection of laminar oriented discontinuities. Two techniques can be
considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse echo for one sided and through transmission (bubblers/squirters) for two
sided. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing
indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The general types of anomalies detected
by both techniques include foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-bonding, inclusions, porosity, and voids.
1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. These test procedures can be applied to small area manual scanning and
large area automated scanning. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in
a contractual document.
1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and contacting),(Non-contacting and Contacting), is at a minimum a single
transducer transmitting and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 to 20 MHz 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). This
procedure requires access to only one side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by automated or manual means.
Automated and manual test results may be imaged or recorded.
1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combination of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave and the
other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2). for an example set-up using
squirters). This procedure requires access to both sides of the specimen. This procedure is automated and the examination results
are recorded.
1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2024. Published December 2017March 2024. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
E2580 - 12.E2580 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E2580-17.10.1520/E2580-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2580 − 24
FIG. 1 Test Procedure A, Example Pulse Echo Apparatus Set-upSet-ups
FIG. 2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission Apparatus Set-up Using Squirters
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
...
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