ASTM D2339-98(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 By the nature of the way adhesives are used in two-ply wood construction, shear strength is an important performance criteria.
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test method is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in materials-performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D2339 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood
Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds depends on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bondline, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
Arange may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
parative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
specimen and under specified conditions of preparation,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
only.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2339 – 98 (2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2339-98R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2339 − 98 (2017)
D907 Terminology of Adhesives or distorted grain around knots, cracks, short grain (fibers out
of plane), rough surfaces, or unusual discoloration which
3. Terminology
would indicate decay. Do not sand the veneer.
3.1 Definitions:
6.2 Cut the selected veneer into a size suitable for pressing
3.1.1 shear, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, stress, strain,
and for cutting specimens with minimal waste. Allow at least
or failure resulting from applied forces that tends to cause 1
13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) for trim around the edges.
adjacent planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite direc-
NOTE 1—When cutting the veneer to size, ensure that the fiber direction
tions.
is parallel and perpendicular to the edges. Appearance may be deceptive.
If there is any question, check the fiber direction with a scratch awl.
4. Significance and Use
6.3 Condition the veneer to within 61 % of the moisture
4.1 By the nature of the way adhesives are used in two-ply
content recommended by the adhesive manufacturer or the
wood construction, shear strength is an important performance
party requesting this test. In the absence of any guideline,
criteria.
condition the veneer to 10 to 12 % moisture content based on
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test method is suitable
the oven dry weight. Check moisture content of recommended
for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality
samples in accordance with Sections 124 to 127 of Test
control, and in materials-performance specifications.
Methods D143.
6.4 Prepare the adhesive in accordance with the adhesive
5. Apparatus
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.1 Adjust the loading rate of the testing machine between
NOTE 2—If a species of lower strength is used and the specimens fail
4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Where the testing
predominantly in tension at the saw kerfs, prepare and test a new set of
machine is adjusted by rate of crosshead movement rather than
specimens, either by using thicker veneers or by reducing the distance
load application rate, select an appropriate head movement rate
between the saw kerfs to 12.7 m (0.5 in.) (see Fig. 2).
so as to yield an average load application rate in the 4535 and
6.5 Apply the adhesive to each veneer in accordance with
7560 g/
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2339 − 98 (Reapproved 2011) D2339 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood
Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds depends on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bondline, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard
specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only
to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2017. Published April 2011August 2017. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20042011 as
D2339 – 98 (2004).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D2339-98R11.10.1520/D2339-98R17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2339 − 98 (2017)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 shear, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, stress, strain, or failure resulting from applied forces that tends to cause adjacent
planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite directions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 By the nature of the way adhesives are used in two-ply wood construction, shear strength is an important performance
criteria.
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test method is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and
in materials-performance specifications.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Adjust the loading rate of the testing machine between 4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Where the testing machine
is adjusted by rate of crosshead movement rather than load application rate, select an appropriate head movement rate so as to yield
an average load application rate in the 4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min) range. Provide suitable grips and jaws so that
the specimen can be gripped tightly and held in alignment as the load is applied. The grips and jaws shown in Fig. 1 have been
found satisfactory. Locate the testing machine in an atmosphere such that the moisture content of the specimens developed under
the conditions prescribed in Section 7 is not noticeably altered during testing.
6. Preparation of Test Panels
6.1 The standard substrate for this test is 1.6 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick rotary-cut or sliced veneer of sweet birch (Betula lenta) or yellow
birch (Betula alleghaniensis). Any other thickness or species of veneer may be substituted upon written agreement between the
party requesting this test and the manufacturer of the adhesive. Select veneer that is free of defects such as knots or distorted grain
around knots, cracks, short grain (fibers out of plane), rough surfaces, or unusual discoloration which would indicate decay. Do
not sand the veneer.
6.2 Cut the selected veneer into a size suitable for pressing and for cutting specimens with minimal waste. Allow at least 13
mm ( ⁄2 in.) for trim around the edges.
NOTE 1—When cutting the veneer to size, ensure that the fiber direction is parallel and perpendicular to the edges. Appearance may be deceptive. If
there is any question, check the fiber direction with a scratch awl.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
...
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