ASTM C1223-09(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.
3.2 The results may be considered as representative of the potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.
3.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after cooling.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 6).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C1223 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast
specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding
3. Significance and Use
to glass furnace operating temperatures.
3.1 This test method was developed for use both by manu-
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the
facturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS
exudateasthepercentofvolumeincreaseofthespecimenafter
fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the
cooling.
selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
3.2 The results may be considered as representative of the
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the
information only and are not considered standard.
furnace production operation.
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method
3.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other
uses only SI units (Section 6).
refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus and Materials
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 Scale—Alaboratory scale or balance rigged for suspen-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sion of specimens for dry/wet weight determinations to an
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
accuracy of 0.01 g.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Kiln—An electric kiln to accommodate several 4-in.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
(102-mm) specimen cores placed vertically on end, and for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
serviceat2750 °F(1510 °C),withavariationof<10 °F(6 °C).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1
4.3 Foil—Cups formed from 2 ⁄4-in. (56-mm) squares of
platinum foil (Pt, 5 % Au alloy, 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) thick).
2. Referenced Documents
One cup required per specimen.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.4 AZS Casting—A virgin casting having no prior thermal
history except that of its own formation, and of a size and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on casting process equivalent to the intended application (such as
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.10 on Refracto-
an arch block) in which exudation potential is of interest.
ries for Glass.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1223 – 09 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/C1223-09R18.
5.1 Specimens may be removed from the original casting
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
either as drilled cores or as sawed bars, depending on labora-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tory capability. Specimen cores or bars should be 4 in.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (102 mm) long and either 1 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter or 1 by
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1223 − 09 (2018)
1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) in cross section. The length dimension surfaces, with the following restrictions: sampling should be at
of the specimen should be perpendicular to the surface of the least 4 in. (102 mm) from any edge, and the entire bottom
block from which it is removed. region should be avoided up to 8 in. (203 mm) from the bottom
(as cast). This lower region, which often becomes the top
5.2 The dimensi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1223 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) C1223 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by
subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after
cooling.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 6).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method was developed for use both by manufacturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS
fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces.
3.2 The results may be considered as representative of the potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested region) to
contribute to glass defect formation during the furnace production operation.
3.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick)
in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
4. Apparatus and Materials
4.1 Scale—A laboratory scale or balance rigged for suspension of specimens for dry/wet weight determinations to an accuracy
of 0.01 g.
4.2 Kiln—An electric kiln to accommodate several 4-in. (102-mm) specimen cores placed vertically on end, and for service at
2750°F (1510°C),2750 °F (1510 °C), with a variation of <10°F (6°C).<10 °F (6 °C).
1
4.3 Foil—Cups formed from 2 ⁄4-in. (56-mm) squares of platinum foil (Pt, 5 % Au alloy, 0.003-in. (0.076-mm) 0.003 in. (0.076
mm) thick). One cup required per specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.10 on Refractories for Glass.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2014.October 2018. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as C1223 – 09. 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/C1223-09R14.10.1520/C1223-09R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1223 − 09 (2018)
4.4 AZS Casting—A virgin casting having no prior thermal history except that of its own formation, and of a size and casting
process equivalent to the intended application (such as an arch block) in which exudation potential is of interest.
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
5.1 Specimens may be removed from the original casting either as drilled cores or as sawed bars, depending on laboratory
capability. Specimen cores or bars should be 4-in. (102-mm) 4 in. (102 mm) long and either 1 in. (25
...
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