ASTM E887-15

Standard Test Method for Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of silica in refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag. The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences. Silicon compounds shall be dissolved by alkali fusion and dehydrated with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Dehydration is completed by ignition, and the silica is volatilized as silicon tetrafluoride.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag.  
1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2015
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E887 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Muffle Furnace—The furnace shall have an operating
temperature up to 1200°C.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in
refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or 4.3 Hot Plate, Microwave Digester, or Steam Bath.
slag.
4.4 Platinum Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric
4.5 Graphite Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
procedure and is independent of interferences.
4.6 Fused Quartz Dishes, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 5. Reagents and Materials
only.
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
used in this test. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
4
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
statement, see Section 6.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
accuracy of the determination.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to water shall be understood to mean at least Type III reagent
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
water conforming to Specification D1193.
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel
5.3 Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ), anhydrous powder.
2 3
Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
5.4 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), concentrated, sp gr 1.19.
3
Laboratory Samples for Analysis (Withdrawn 2002)
5.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1+3), Mix 1 volume of concen-
trated HCl with 3 volumes of water.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.6 Hydrochloric Acid (1+1)—Mix 1 volume of concen-
3.1 Silicon compounds in RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or
trated HCl with 1 volume of water.
slag are dissolved by alkali fusion and dehydrated with
hydrochloricacid(HCl).Dehydrationiscompletedbyignition,
5.7 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 99)—Mix 1 volume of concen-
and the silica is volatilized as silicon tetrafluoride.
trated HCl with 99 volumes of water.
5.8 Sulfuric Acid (1+1)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated
4. Apparatus
sulfuric acid (H SO , sp gr 1.84) with 1 volume of water.
2 4
4.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.0001 g.
5.9 Hydrofluric Acid (HF), concentrated 48 to 51 %.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
6. Hazards
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
6.1 Due to the origins of RDF in municipal waste, precau-
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally
tions should be observed when conducting tests on samples.
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E887 – 88 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/E0887-15.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
the ASTM website. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
www.astm.org. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E887 − 15
Recommended safety practices include use of suitable gloves 8.2.1 Prepare the RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag by
when handling RDF; wearing dust masks (NIOSH-approved grinding the sample in an agate mortar to a particl
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E887 − 88 (Reapproved 2009) E887 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in RDF, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag.
1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
3
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis (Withdrawn 2002)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Silicon compounds in RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag are dissolved by alkali fusion and dehydrated with hydrochloric
acid (HCl). Dehydration is completed by ignition, and the silica is volatilized as silicon tetrafluoride.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.0001 g.
4.2 Muffle Furnace—The furnace shall have an operating temperature of up to 1200°C.
4.3 Hot Plate Plate, Microwave Digester, or Steam Bath.
4.4 Platinum Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
4.5 Graphite Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
4.6 Fused Quartz Dishes, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in this test. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
4
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2015. Published August 2009October 2015. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
E 887 – 88E887 – 88 (2009). (2004). DOI: 10.1520/E0887-88R09.10.1520/E0887-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E887 − 15
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference to water shall be understood to mean at least Type III reagent water
conforming to Specification D1193.
5.3 Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ), anhydrous powder.
2 3
5.4 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), concentrated, sp gr 1.19.
5.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 3),Mix 1 volume of concentrated HCl with 3 volumes of water.
5.6 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 1)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated HCl with 1 volume of water.
5.7 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 99)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated HCl with 99 volumes of water.
5.8 Sulfuric Acid (1 + 1)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (H SO , sp gr 1.84) with 1 volume of water.
2 4
5.9 Hydrofluric A
...