ASTM D5867-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments (Withdrawn 2004)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments (Withdrawn 2004)
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the color, trash content, micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation of cotton fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that are a series of instruments connected to single dedicated programmed computers.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to loose fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton and some types of cotton waste.
1.3 These test methods contain the following sections:
Color of Cotton (Section 7 to 15)
Trash Content of Samples of Cotton Fibers (Section 16 to 24)
Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers (Section 25 to 33)
Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers (Section 34 to 42)
Breaking Tenacity and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Section 43 to 51)
Precision and Bias (Section 52)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the color, trash content, micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation of cotton fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that are a series of instruments connected to single dedicated programmed computers.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, these test methods were withdrawn in June 2004 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5867–95
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by
High Volume Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
D 2253 Test Method for Color of Raw Cotton Using the
1.1 These test methods cover the color, trash content,
Nickerson-Hunter Cotton Colorimeter
micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation
2 D 2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
of cotton fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the
D 3025 PracticeforStandardizingCottonFiberTestResults
Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that
by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
are a series of instruments connected to single dedicated
D 4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation and Related
programmed computers.
Properties of Textiles
1.2 These test methods are applicable to loose fibers taken
from raw or partially processed cotton and some types of
3. Terminology
cotton waste.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 These test methods contain the following sections:
3.1.1 breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity at the breaking
Section
force.
Color of Cotton 7-15
Trash Content of Samples of Cotton Fibers 16-24
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Cotton breaking tenacity is expressed
Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers 25-33
as grams-force per tex or grams-force per denier. Standard SI
Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers 34-42
units in newtons can be calculated by multiplying grams-force
Breaking Tenacity and Elongation of Cotton Fibers 43-51
Precision and Bias 52
per tex by 0.0098.
3.1.2 elongation at break, n—the elongation corresponding
1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to
to breaking force.
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Cotton elongation is the elongation at
parentheses are for information only.
the maximum force and expressed as a percentage of a ⁄8-in.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(3.2-mm) gage length.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 mean length, n—in testing cotton, the average length
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by number of all of the fibers in the test specimen.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 micronaire reading, n—in testing cotton, a measure of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specific surface area that is influenced by fiber perimeter and
2. Referenced Documents
fiber wall thickness determined by the resistance to air flow
through a known mass of cotton fiber compressed to a fixed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
volume.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.4.1 Discussion—During growth of the cotton fiber, the
D 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
fiber wall thickens as layers of cellulose are deposited daily on
D 1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
the inner surface. When wall thickening ultimately ceases,
of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
there remains a center void called the lumen. Both the wall
D 1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
thickness, or volume of cellulose, and the fiber perimeter, or
Cotton Fibers by Fibrograph Measurement
fiber surface area, are important in textiles because they
D 1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton
significantly affect yarn strength and dyeing behavior. In early
Fibers
development of an instrument to measure cotton fineness, the
instrument scale was calibrated using measuredµ g/in. linear
densities of a group of test cottons. Later experiences with the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
instrument on a broader range of cotton samples showed that
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996.
Equipment is available from Zellweger Uster, Inc., 456 Troy Circle, P.O. Box
51270, Knoxville, TN 37950-1270. Discontinued; see 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5867–95
its scale did not represent gravimetric fineness. However, use tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
of the tester became so widespread that the early scale was As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
retained and named micronaire reading. specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
3.1.5 particle count, n—in testing cotton with the trash from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
meter, a value that correlates to the total number of pieces of specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
trash on the surface of a sample of cotton over the viewing to each laboratory for testing average results from the two
window. laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
3.1.6 percent area, n—in testing cotton with the trash meter, unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
the ratio of total area of trash on the surface of a sample of two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
cotton to that of the area of the viewing window, expressed in cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
percent of the area of the viewing window. supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light
3.1.7 span length, n—in testing cotton, the distance a with consideration to the known bias.
specified percent of fibers in a test beard extend from a clamp 4.2 Being able to measure color, particle count of trash,
in which they are caught at random along their lengths. micronaire,length,strength,andelongationusinganintegrated
3.1.8 Rd and +b, n—for the purpose of these test methods and dedicated system has the following benefits:
for cotton color, the daylight color of opaque cotton specimens 4.2.1 The HVI measuring system can rapidly and objec-
as described by Hunter in terms of three color scales: reflec- tively determine the color of cotton that is an important factor
tance, Rd, and the chromaticity coordinates for redness or in determining the end use of cotton.
greenness, 6 a, and yellowness or blueness, 6 b. 4.2.2 The HVI system provides a particle count of the
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Graphically, there are three mutually cotton trash that is directly related to textile processing waste.
perpendicular unit vectors in which Rd is represented verti- 4.2.3 The HVI system determines micronaire, a factor that
cally, and the chromaticity coordinates a and b represented on is correlated with cleaning efficiency, neppiness, the strength
a horizontal plane at right angles to each other. In the range of anduniformityofyarn,anddyeingoffibers,yarns,andfabrics.
Rd for colors observed in cotton, the scales of the cotton 4.2.4 The HVI system provides a reproducible and eco-
colorimeter show a reasonably close relationship to the uni- nomical procedure to measure length and length uniformity of
form perceptual spacing of the scales represented in the fibers.
Munsell color space. 4.2.5 The HVI system can determine various stress-strain
3.1.9 strength, n—the property that resists deformation parameters that are useful for research and for relating fiber
induced by external forces. characteristics to processing performance and quality of end
3.1.10 test beard, n—in length testing of cotton, the portion products.
of the test specimen that has been combed and brushed into a
“beard” that protrudes from the outside of the comb(s) or the
5. Sampling
clamp(s).
5.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
3.1.11 uniformity index, n—in fiber length testing of cotton,
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
the ratio between the mean length and the upper-half-mean
an applicable material specification or other agreement be-
length expressed as a percentage of the upper-half-mean
tween the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to
length.
use Practice D 1441 for bales of fiber or containers of sliver.
3.1.12 uniformity ratio, n—in fiber length testing of cotton,
Consider shipping containers or bales to be the primary sample
theratiobetweentwospanlengthsexpressedasapercentageof
units.
the longer span length.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
3.1.13 upper-half-mean length, n—in length testing of cot-
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
ton, the mean length by number of the longer one-half of fibers
between sampling units, between laboratory samples within a sampling
by weight.
unit, and between test specimens within a laboratory sample to provide a
3.1.14 For definitions of other textile terms in these test
sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk,
methods, refer to Terminology D 123 and Terminology
acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
D 4848.
5.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, randomly
take material from each lot sampling unit, or original material,
4. Significance and Use—General
such as: loose fibers from one or more bolls, plants, or rows in
4.1 These test methods are used in the trade and are
a field; bales, mixes, or blends of cotton; or any consignment,
considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
shipment, or lot of cotton; of any size or mass to yield the
shipments when the level of tests, of any one or several or all
required test specimen(s).
of the individual physical properties, in the laboratory of the
5.3 Test Specimens—Take test specimens as directed in the
purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier are controlled by
description of individual test methods.
the use of the same laboratory control samples.
4.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported
6. Conditioning
test results when using these test methods for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup- 6.1 Bringthelaboratorysamplestomoistureequilibriumfor
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is testing in these test methods atmosphere for testing textiles.
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis- See Practice D 1776.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5867–95
NOTE 2—Cotton is normally received in the laboratory in a relative dry
cessor will cause electronic circuitry to be automatically
condition, making special preconditioning procedures unnecessary.
adjusted for agreement of displayed values with the designated
Samples that are obviously damp should be preconditioned before being
values of the tiles.
brought into the laboratory for conditioning.
11.4 Perform measurements of the color check standards of
NOTE 3—If tests are not made for moisture equilibrium, it is recom-
cotton to verify calibration.
mended that the samples be conditioned for at least 12 h prior to testing.
11.5 If unacceptable results are obtained from the measure-
ment of the color check standards of cotton, repeat the
COLOR OF RAW COTTON
calibration tile procedure (see 11.3) until acceptable results are
obtained.
7. Scope
7.1 This test method covers the comparison of the color of
12. Test Specimens
raw cotton with the official standards of the United States
12.1 Test two specimens, one from each side of the labora-
Department ofAgriculture for Color Grade of cotton by means
tory sample.
of a cotton colorimeter of the Nickerson-Hunter type. It can be
12.2 Selectasmoothsurfaceofthelaboratorysamplethatis
used to measure the color of any type of raw cotton but is
judged to be representative for color as the test specimen. The
particularly applicable to Upland and American Pima cotton,
surface of the sample should be large enough to completely
for which official grade Standards have been established.
cover the instrument’s viewing window and thick enough to be
7.2 The instrument employs the use of a programmable
opaque (no light transmitted through the sample). From expe-
microprocessor with memory for controlling internal opera-
rience, a thickness of 50 cm (2 in.) or more has been found
tions and performing required calibration, calculation, and data
acceptable.
presentation.
NOTE 5—Laboratory samples usually consist of samples cut from sides
NOTE 4—For another method describing the measurement of the color
of bales or taken by an automatic sampling device. Such samples come in
of raw cotton, refer to Test Method D 2253.
layers, and different surfaces can be observed easily by opening the
samples in a manner similar to turning pages in a book. The surface
8. Summary of Test Method
selected should be fairly smooth and free of lumps or folds which many
cause dark shadows and produce erroneous results.
8.1 A smooth representative surface of a cotton sample is
placed over the colorimeter sample window and pressed flat.
13. Procedure
The instrument colorimeter is energized, and color values are
13.1 By keyboard entry, select the appropriate routine for
displayed on the instrument’s visual monitor in one or more of
testing cotton from the menu displayed on the monitor.
the following terms: the grayness and yellowness scale devel-
oped for cotton, the Rd and +b values, and the United States
NOTE 6—The test routines are governed by software programs tailored
Department of Agriculture color grade code number.
for individual requirements, such as necessary for sample identification
number and other identifier entries, number of tests per sample, choice of
units of measure (such as millimetres or inches), selection of test
9. Significance and Use
parameters,necessaryforstatisticalsummary,needforhardcopyprintout,
9.1 Color is the primary factor of the color grade of cotton.
forwarding data to compatible external data handling systems and
Since cotton is graded by visual judgment, an instrument that
computers, and other parameters.
measures color in terms that are highly correlated with visual
13.2 Place the surface of the specimen to be measured
...
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