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ASTM A694/A694M-03

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel forgings for pipe flanges, fittings, valves, and parts for high-pressure transmission service. A chemical heat analysis of the steel shall be made, and the steel shall conform to specified chemical composition requirements. Materials adhere to testing and tensile property requirements as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges, fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards referenced in Section 2.
1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in .
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplementary Requirement S 1 is provided for use when purchaser approval is required for repair welding.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2003
ICS
77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A694/A694M-00 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Replaced By
ASTM A694/A694M-08 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM A961/A961M-23 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM A694/A694M-03 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission ServiceASTM A694/A694M-03 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
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ASTM A694/A694M-03 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 694/A 694M – 03
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings,
1
Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 694/A 694M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
1. Scope*
Grade Yield Strength (0.2 % Tensile Strength, Elongation in 2
1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe
Offset), min, ksi [MPa] min, ksi [MPa] in.or50mm,
flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with
min %
high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges,
F42 42 [290] 60 [415] 20
fittings,andsimilarpartsorderedeithertodimensionsspecified
F46 46 [315] 60 [415] 20
F48 48 [330] 62 [425] 20
by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards
F50 50 [345] 64 [440] 20
referenced in Section 2.
F52 52 [360] 66 [455] 20
1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield
F56 56 [385] 68 [470] 20
F60 60 [415] 75 [515] 20
strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1.
F65 65 [450] 77 [530] 20
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplemen-
F70 70 [485] 82 [565] 18
tary Requirement S 1 is provided for use when purchaser
approval is required for repair welding.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
Use with High-Pressure Transmission Systems
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
A 707/A 707M Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
ments
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
A 961 Specification for Common Requirements for Steel
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
Applications
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
2.3 ASME Standards:
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
3
ASME B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
cation.
3
ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
2. Referenced Documents
ASME B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions
3
of Ferrous Valves
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
Specification A 961, the following list of standards apply to
3
Threaded
this specification:
2
ASME B 16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius
2.2 ASTM Standards:
3
Elbows
A 53/A 53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
3
ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
4
2.4 MSS Standards:
A 106 Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
MSS SP-44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges
High-Temperature Service
MSS SP-75 Specification for High-Test Welding Fittings
A 381 Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for
MSS SP-95 Swage (d) Nipples and Bull Plugs
MSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
1
Fittings
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 2.5 API Standard:
A01.22 on Valves and Fittings.
CurrenteditionapprovedOctober1,2003.PublishedNovember2003.Originally
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 694/A 694M – 00.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and
the ASTM website. Fittings Industry, 127 Park St., Northeast, Vienna, VA 22180.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 694/A 694M – 03
5
5L Specification for Line Pipe 6. Chemical Composition
6.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifica-
3. Ordering Information
tionA 961shallbemadeandconformtotherequirementsasto
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification deals with ferritic alloy steel forgings for high-pressure and high-temperature parts, such as boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The steel grades covered here include the following: Grade F1; Grade F11, Classes 1, 2, and 3; Grade F12; Grade F5; Grade F5A; Grade F9; Grade F6; Grades F21 and F22, Classes 1 and 3; Grade F91, Grade F3V; and Grade F22V. Other steel grades may also be treated under this specification. Alloy steels shall be melted, forged, and rough machined at stipulated conditions. Except as permitted for Grade F22V, steel forgings shall be annealed or normalized and tempered, but may alternatively be liquid quenched and tempered as well. Impact and Charpy V-notch tests shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to specified mechanical requirements such as notch toughness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Materials shall also undergo heat and product analyses and conform to specified chemical requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers ferritic steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high-temperature parts, and associated equipment.  
1.2 Forgings made of steel grades listed in Specification A335/A335M may also be ordered under this specification. The chemical, tensile, heat treatment, and marking requirements of Specification A335/A335M shall apply, except the forging shall conform to the chemical requirements of Tables 1 and 2 of Specification A335/A335M only with respect to heat analysis. On product analysis they may deviate from these limits to the extent permitted in Table 1 of this specification.  
1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 to S10 are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.5 Specification A336/A336M formerly included austenitic steel forgings, which are now found in Specification A965/A965M.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ABSTRACT
This measurement method covers the procedures for the standard practice of determining the heat stability of steam turbine and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. Surface and test band preparation, and heating and cooling procedures prior to stability measurements are detailed. Interpretation of the results of cold and hot measurements is also described.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. This specification is not ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings.  
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM A275/A275M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for the standard practice of performing magnetic particle examination on steel forgings. The inspection medium shall consist of finely divided ferromagnetic particles, whose size, shape and magnetic properties, both individually and collectively, shall be taken into account. Forgings may be magnetized in the longitudinal or circular direction by employing the surge or continuous current flow methods. Magnetization may be applied by passing current through the piece or by inducing a magnetic field by means of a central conductor, such as a prod or yoke, or by coils. While the material is properly magnetized, the magnetic particles may be applied by either the dry method, wet method, or fluorescent method. The parts shall also be sufficiently demagnetized after inspection so that residual or leakage fields will not interfere with future operations to which the steel forgings shall be used for. Indications to be evaluated are grouped into three broad classes, namely: surface defects, which include laminar defects, forging laps and folds, flakes (thermal ruptures caused by entrapped hydrogen), heat-treating cracks, shrinkage cracks, grinding cracks, and etching or plating cracks; subsurface defects, which include stringers of nonmetallic inclusions, large nonmetallics, cracks in underbeads of welds, and forging bursts; and nonrelevant or false indications, which include magnetic writing, changes in section, edge of weld, and flow lines.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For ferromagnetic materials, magnetic particle examination is widely specified for the detection of surface and near surface discontinuities such as cracks, laps, seams, and linearly oriented nonmetallic inclusions. Such examinations are included as mandatory requirements in some forging standards such as Specification A508/A508M.  
4.2 Use of direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current as the power source for magnetic particle examination allows detection of subsurface discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers a procedure for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This practice does not contain acceptance standards or recommended quality levels.  
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.  
1.2.1 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.
Note 1: Guide E709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.  
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings by the straight and angle-beam techniques. An ultrasonic, pulsed, reflection type of instrument shall be used and shall provide linear presentation for at least 75% of the screen height. The 5% linearity referred to is descriptive of the screen presentation of amplitude. The electronic apparatus shall contain an attenuator, search units, transducers, couplants, reference blocks, and DGS scales. The forging shall be machined to provide cylindrical surfaces for radial examination in the case of round forgings. The ends of the forgings shall be machined perpendicular to the axis of the forging for the axial examination. Faces of disk and rectangular forgings shall be machined flat and parallel to one another. The procedures to be performed are as follows: ultrasonic examination of the forgings; straight-beam examination with establishment of the instrument sensitivity and calibration either by the reflection, reference-block technique, or DGS method; and angle-beam examination used for rings and hollow forgings.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM A788/A788M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless covered by the individual product specification in another ASTM document, applies to steel forgings for general use. Materials shall be produced primarily by either electric-furnace, basic oxygen, vacuum-induction (VIM), or open-hearth melting process. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, using electro slag (ESR) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR). Steel shall be forged by any of these three classes based on forging temperature: cold-worked forging, hot-cold-worked forging, or hot-worked forging. After forging, specimens shall be allowed to cool prior to reheating for heat treatment. Details of heat and product analyses for the evaluation of chemical composition are thoroughly discussed. Tension and hardness tests shall be conducted to evaluate mechanical properties such as percentage of elongation and reduction of area. Repair welding shall not be allowed unless permitted by the product specification.
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ASTM Designation  
Title  
A266/A266M  
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A288  
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Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts    
A372/A372M  
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels    
A469/A469M  
Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors  
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Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts    
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Magnetic Particle Examination of Cont...

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ASTM A105/A105M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components, that is, flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient and higher-temperature service conditions. Materials shall be subjected to heat treatment (annealing, normalizing, tempering, or quenching). Material shall conform to carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium contents. The forgings shall be subjected to tension, hardness and hydrostatic tests, with the latter applicable when required. Material shall adhere to tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and hardness requirements. Guidelines for retreatment, repair by welding, and product marking are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specification. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products (see 5.2), it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms.  
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel bars.  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”  
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ASTM A668/A668M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standard requirements for untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for general industrial use. This specification covers six classes of carbon steels (Class A to F) and seven classes of alloy steels (Class G, H, and J to N). Materials shall be forged by hot mechanical work. Except for Class A, all forgings shall be heat treated, depending on class, by the following techniques: annealed, or normalized, or normalized and tempered (Classes B, C, D, and G); normalized and tempered, or double-normalized and tempered (Class E); quenched and tempered, or normalized, quenched, and tempered (Classes F); normalized and tempered (Class H); normalized and tempered, or normalized, quenched, and tempered (Class J); and normalized, quenched, and tempered (Classes K, L, M, and N). Steel specimens shall undergo heat and product analyses, and shall conform to required chemical compositions for manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Steel forgings shall also be tested on their conformance to the following tensile requirements: tensile strength, yield point, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for general industrial use. Other ASTM specifications for forgings are available for specific applications such as pressure vessels, railroad use, turbine generators, gearing, and others involving special temperature requirements.  
1.2 Hot-rolled or cold finished bars are not within the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Six classes of carbon steel and seven classes of alloy steel forgings are listed (see Section 7), which indicate their required heat treatments, as well as mechanical properties.  
1.4 Provision, with the suffix H for certification and marking, for the supply of forgings after hardness testing only.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements, including those in Specification A788/A788M, of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.  
1.6 Appendix X1 lists the current classes corresponding to the various classes of Specifications A235, A237, and A243, which have been superseded by this specification.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification, the forgings shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A705/A705M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers age-hardening stainless steel forgings for general use. Materials for forgings shall consist of billets or bars and shall either be forged, rolled, or cast or a section cut from an ingot. The steel specimens shall be solution annealed and age hardened and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness and impact Charpy-V. The steel materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, titanium, copper, nitrogen, columbium, and tantalum.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers age-hardening stainless steel forgings for general use.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
Note 1: Bar products are covered by Specification A564/A564M.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A638/A638M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties of these alloys are developed by suitable solution treating and precipitation hardening treatments. Two grades of iron base alloy are covered; Grade 660 and Grade 662 (bars and forgings). The material shall meet the requirements as to stress rupture properties specified. The material shall conform to the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot-finished or cold-finished precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties of these alloys are developed by suitable solution treating and precipitation hardening treatments.  
1.2 Two grades of iron base alloy are covered. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and elevated temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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