Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and melted solids which have refractive indexes in the range between 1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100°C. Temperatures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the melting point of the sample is at least 10°C below the test temperature.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy stated, to liquids having colors darker than ASTM Color No. 4 ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to solids melting within 10°C of the test temperature.  Note 1-The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indices above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are not yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions has not been evaluated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Notes 4, 5, and 6.

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Publication Date
09-Apr-1999
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 1747 – 99
Standard Test Method for
1
Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
4
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive
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E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of
transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and
3. Terminology
melted solids which have refractive indexes in the range
3.1 Definition:
between 1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100°C.
3.1.1 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of
Temperatures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the
specified wavelength) in air, to its velocity in the substance
melting point of the sample is at least 10°C below the test
under examination. The relative index of refraction is defined
temperature.
as the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy
angle of refraction, as light passes from air into the substance.
stated, to liquids having colors darker than ASTM Color No. 4
If absolute refractive index (that is, referred to vacuum) is
ASTM color as determined by Test Method D 1500, to liquids
desired, this value should be multiplied by the factor 1.00027,
which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to
the absolute refractive index of air. The numerical value of
solids melting within 10°C of the test temperature.
refractive index of liquids varies inversely with both wave-
NOTE 1—The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indices
length and temperature.
above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are
not yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions has
4. Summary of Test Method
not been evaluated.
4.1 The refractive index normally is measured by the critical
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
angle method using monochromatic light from a sodium lamp.
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
The instrument is previously adjusted by means of calibration
mation only.
obtained with certified liquid standards.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Refractive index is a fundamental physical property that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
hazards, see Note 4, Note 5, and Note 6.
5.2 The use of refractive index in correlative methods for
the determination of the gross composition of viscous oils and
2. Referenced Documents
waxes often requires its measurement at elevated temperatures.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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D 362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene 6. Apparatus
3
D 841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene 6
6.1 Refractometer, precision Abbé-type, having a range in
D 1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
refractive index from 1.30 to 1.63. Other instruments reading
4
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
to at least four decimal places may be used.
NOTE 2—When other instruments are used, follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for operation, maintenance, calibration, and analysis. For
1
accepting the instrumentation for use, analysis of a NIST traceable
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0Don Physical Methods.
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
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published as D 1747 – 60 T. Last previous edition D 1747 – 94. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
2 6
Discontinued—See 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. The Abbé-type precision refractometer is no longer available but may be
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. obtainable from instrument exchanges or used equipment suppliers. Other precision
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. refractometers may be suitable, but they have not as yet been tested cooperatively.
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