ASTM F1182-90(2001)

Standard Specification for Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zinc anodes in the form of slabs, plates, discs, and rods for corrosion protection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys.
1.2 The anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosion of surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminum equipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and the seawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The metric (SI) units, given in parentheses, are for information purposes only and may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Jun-1990
• ICS: 77.150.60 - Lead, zinc and tin products
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1182-90(1996) - Standard Specification for Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy
• Effective Date: 29-Jun-1990
• Replaced By: ASTM F1182-90(2006) - Standard Specification for Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1182 – 90 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
tion by Attributes
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zinc
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
anodesintheformofslabs,plates,discs,androdsforcorrosion
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning,Anchoring,Bracing,Blocking,
protection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys.
and Waterproofing; With Appropriate Test Methods
1.2 The anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosion
2.4 Military Specification:
of surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminum
MIL-P-15011 Pallets Material Handling, Wood Post Con-
equipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and the
struction, 4-Way Entry
seawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers.
2.5 Federal Specifications:
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
PPP-B-601 Boxes, Wood, Cleated Plywood
asstandard.Themetric(SI)units,giveninparentheses,arefor
PPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-Corner
information purposes only and may be approximate.
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
2.6 American National Standards Institute Standard:
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
ANSI/ASME B1.20.1—Pipe Threads, General Purpose
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
(Inch)
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
3. Classification
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 The anodes shall be of the following classes and types,
as specified (see 4.1.2):
2.1 Order of Precedence—Intheeventofaconflictbetween
3.1.1 Class 1—Cast-in cores:
thetextofthisspecificationandthereferencescitedherein,the
3.1.1.1 Type ZHS—Zinc,hullslab,steelstraps,23and42-lb
text of this specification shall take precedence.
(10 and 19-kg) sizes.
2.2 ASTM Standards
3.1.1.2 Type ZHB—Zinc, hull slab, brass straps, 23-lb
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
3 (10-kg) size.
B21 Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes
3.1.1.3 Type ZHC—Zinc, hull slab, core strap, 23 and 42-lb
B103 SpecificationforPhosphorBronzePlate,Sheet,Strip,
3 (10 and 19-kg) sizes.
and Rolled Bar
3.1.1.4 Type ZSS—Zinc, submarine slab, steel strap, 12 and
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
24-lb (5 and 11-kg) sizes.
E290 TestMethodforSemi-GuidedBendTestforDuctility
3.1.1.5 Type ZTS—Zinc, teardrop shape, steel strap, 5-lb
of Metallic Materials
(2-kg) size.
E536 Test Method for ChemicalAnalysis of Zinc and Zinc
3.1.1.6 Type ZEP—Zinc, heat exchanger or fair water disc,
Alloys
7 (pipe core or pipe bushing core):
2.3 Military Standards:
Style A square slab, 9-lb (4-kg) size
Style B circular slab, various sizes
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships
Style C semicircular slab, 23-lb (10-kg) size
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
3.1.1.7 Type ZBP—Zinc, bar, pipe core, 8-lb (4-kg) size.
General Requirements.
3.1.1.8 Type ZDM—Zinc, segmented disc, machine formed
Current edition approved June 29, 1990. Published August 1990. Originally
interlocking core, various sizes.
published as F1182-88. Last previous edition F1182-88.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
3.1.2 Class 2—Plain, no cores;
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
7 8
AvailablefromStandardizationDocuments,OrderDesk,Building4,SectionD, Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094, Attn: NPODS. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1182
3.1.2.1 Type ZRN—Zinc, rod, no core, extruded, drawn or
B brass straps
S steel straps
rolled.
C core strap
3.1.2.2 Type ZPN—Zinc, plate, no core, rolled.
P pipe core
M machine formed interlocking core
3.2 The letter designations of types of anodes have the
N no core
following meanings:
3.2.1 The first letter designates anode metal:
4. Ordering Information
Z zinc
4.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
the following information:
3.2.2 The second letter designates the shape or general use:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
H hull slab
S submarine slab 4.1.2 Class and type (see 3.1),
T teardrop shape
4.1.3 StyleofTypeZEP,ifrequired(see3.1.1.6andFig.1),
E heat exchanger slab
4.1.4 Diameter of Type ZEP, Style B, if required (see Fig.
R rod, cylindrical
P plate 1),
B bar, square
4.1.5 For Type ZDM, whether straight or tapered thread
D disc, segmented
support plug head is required (see section 5.1.4.2,)
3.2.3 The third letter designates the core: 4.1.6 Diameter of Type ZDM, if required (see Fig. 2),
FIG. 1 ZEP Heat Exchanger Slab
F 1182
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Zinc, Segmented Disc, Machine-Formed Interlocking Core, Type ZDM
4.1.7 Length, width, and thickness ofType ZHS, if required The steel shall be coated with zinc, either by the hot-dip or
(see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), electrodeposition method, to a minimum of 0.0005 in. (0.013
4.1.8 Whether Type ZHC is for surface ship or submarine mm).
usage, if required (see Figs. 5-8), 5.1.2 Type ZHB anodes shall have brass strap cores in
4.1.9 Pipe or bolt diameter of Type ZRN, if required (see accordance with alloy 482 of Specification B21 or phosphor
Fig. 9), bronze straps in accordance with C51000 of Specification
4.1.10 Thickness of Type ZPN, if required (see 9.2.1), B103. The brass or bronze straps shall be coated with zinc to
4.1.11 Quantity required (see 4.2), a minimum thickness of 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Lack of
4.1.12 Qualityassurancecertification,ifrequired(see15.1), adhesion of the zinc coating at bend or absence of zinc coating
and atcutedgeswillnotbecauseforrejectionoffabricatedanodes.
4.1.13 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 through S3). Cracks in the base metal shall be cause for rejection.
4.2 Theorderforanodesshouldspecifytheexactnumberof 5.1.2.1 The maximum copper content in the zinc, as speci-
anodes required (see 4.1.11).Acquisition of anodes by weight fied in Table 1, may be increased to 0.020% for Type ZHB
is not practical and is not recommended. anodes.
4.3 When material is ordered in the form of slabs, bars, 5.1.3 Types ZEP and ZBP anodes shall have core inserts
discs, or rods, these terms refer merely to the general form and made from zinc coated steel pipe or pipe couplings. The
dimensions of the material and do not have any technical
minimumthicknessofthecoatingshallbeasspecifiedin5.1.1.
significance as to the methods of manufacture.
5.1.4 Type ZDM anodes shall have machine formed inter-
locking cores in accordance with commercial grade mild or
5. Materials and Manufacture
leaded steel. The cores shall be flash coated with zinc, tin, or
5.1 Materials: aluminum before assembly within the anodes.
5.1.1 Types ZHS, ZHC, ZSS, and ZTS anodes shall have 5.1.4.1 This core insert consists of an integral piece having
steel strap cores in accordance with SpecificationA36/A36M. a threaded male stud at one end and a tapped hole at the other
F 1182
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with strap in the up or down position.All
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with strap in the up or down position.All dimensions (inches) refer to the wider and longer edges of the anode.
dimensions (inches) refer to the wider and longer edges of the anodes. NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8in.
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8in. NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm. NOTE 4—Minimum weight 41 lb (18.6 kg).
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg). FIG. 4 Zinc Hull Slab (Steel Straps), Type ZHS-42
FIG. 3 Zinc Hull Slab (Steel Straps), Type ZHS-23; Zinc Hull Slab
(Brass Straps), Type ZHB
washer fits snugly between the hull and anode core to prevent
anode movement or vibration.
5.2.2.2 Type ZSS, ZHS, ZHB, and ZTS anodes may be
end. Provision has been made to achieve self-locking charac-
mounted by welding or by fasteners. Those intended to be
teristics to interlocking threaded assemblies of multiple seg-
attached by fasteners shall indicate the requirements for
mented anode discs by interference fit of bottom male threads
mounting holes in the strap. The mounting hole shall be
into a taper tapped hole.
counterbored on the structure side of the strap.
5.2 Manufacture:
5.2.3 The pipe core inserts for Type ZEP anodes shall
5.2.1 All anodes covered under this specification shall be
conform to 5.1.3. The position of the pipe core insert shall not
manufacturedbyanyprocesssuitabletothecontractingagency
vary more than 6 ⁄8in. (3 mm) from the center as shown on
provided they meet the mechanical properties and other re-
Fig. 1.
quirements of this specification. 5.2.4 The position of the pipe core insert for Type ZBP
5.2.2 For Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZSS, and ZTS anodes,
anodes specified in 5.1.3 shall not vary more than 6 ⁄4in. (6
open or closed molds may be used. Cores and straps shall be mm) from the center as shown on Fig. 12.
1 1 1
positioned so that they are embedded ⁄4,+ ⁄8,or− ⁄16in. (6,
5.2.5 Metallic bonding or an interference fit of the core into
+3, or −2 mm) as shown on Figs. 3-5, Fig. 7, and Fig. 10 and Type ZDM anode (see Fig. 2) shall be required so that an axial
Fig. 11, which may be measured from either surface of the
force applied from the stud end to remove the core insert is a
anode as applicable, except Fig. 11 (bottom), which shall be minimum of 750 lb (340 kg) (see 13.1.3).
3 1 1
embedded ⁄8,+ ⁄8,or− ⁄16in. (10, +3, or −2 mm).
5.2.6 The machine formed core insert specified in 5.1.4
5.2.2.1 TypeZHCanodesdesignatedasshownonFig.6and shall be manufactured in accordance with details and toler-
Fig. 8 and are intended for use with rubber washers for ances shown for Piece 2 on Fig. 1 and ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
submarine application. The countersink for the rubber washer 5.2.6.1 ThepiecesshownonFig.1shallscrewtogethervery
may be cast or machined. The anode shall be manufactured so snugly by hand tightening or by using simple hand tools such
thatthecountersinkiscenteredonthecoreholeandtherubber as pliers or pipe wrenches.
F 1182
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down
position. All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8in.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg).
FIG. 5 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-23
6. Chemical Composition
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down
6.1 The anodes shall conform to the composition specified
position. All dimensions are in inches.
in Table 1. Total of elemental constituents not specified in
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8in.
Table 1 shall not exceed 0.10%. Metallic elements not
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
specified in Table 1 are considered contaminants. NOTE 4—Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg).
FIG. 6 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-23, Submarine
7. Mechanical Properties
Application
7.1 When tested in accordance with 13.2, Types ZRN rods
and ZPN plates shall not fracture or show signs of cracking.
7.2 When tested in accordance with 13.2.1, ZRN anodes
9.2 Type ZPN anode shall be 48 in. (1220 mm) in length by
shall have a minimum torsional shear strength of 12000 psi
24 in. (610 cm) in width.
(83 MPa). 1
9.2.1 Thethicknessshallbeeither
⁄2or1in.(13or25mm)
as specified (see 4.1.10).
8. Other Requirements
9.3 TypesZSS-12,ZSS-24,ZHC-23,ZHC-42,ZHS-23,and
8.1 When tested in accordance with 13.1.1 or 13.1.2, Types
ZHS-42 shall have the following minimum weight require-
ZHS,ZHB,ZHC,ZSS,ZTS,ZEP,andZBPanodesshallobtain
ments:
a sound metallurgical bond between the zinc and core for at
Anode Weight, min, lb (kg)
least30%ofthetotalsurfaceareaofeachcoreincontactwith
the anode.
ZSS-12 11.0 (5)
ZSS-24, ZHC-23, ZHS-23 21.5 (10)
8.2 During the manufacturing process, certain toxic com-
ZHC-42 39.0 (18)
pounds (such as zinc phosphide) may become by-products.
ZHS-42 41.0 (19)
Caution should be taken in disposal of process wastewater to
9.3.1 The total weight of the specified type of anode
ensurethatthecompositionofthewatermeetswithlocal,state,
received divided by the total number of anodes of that type
and federal regulations.
shall be equal to or greater than the minimum weight (11.0,
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
21.5, 39.0, 41.0 lb (5, 10, 18, 19 kg)) of the anode type
9.1 Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS, ZSS, ZEP, ZBP, ZDM, specified.Iftheweightislessthantheminimumweightforthe
type of anode specified, it shall be cause for rejection of the
and ZRN anodes shall be in accordance with the dimensions
shown in Figs. 1-11, inclusive. entire lot.
F 1182
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down position. All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8in.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 39 lb (17.7 kg).
FIG. 7 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-42
9.4 The length and width of Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS, 10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
ZPN,ZSS,andZBPanodesshallnotvarymorethan 6 ⁄8in.(3
10.1 The zinc anodes shall be free of flash burrs, cracks,
mm), measured at the widest surface of the tapered (for mold
blow holes, pipes, and surface slag consistent with good
release) anode.
commercial practice.
9.5 The length of Type ZRN anodes will be permitted to
10.1.1 For anodes less than 2 in. (50 mm) thick, when
have a variation of 61 in. (25 mm) based on nominal lengths
measured with a straightedge placed diagonally across the
of 3 and 6 ft (914 and 1829 mm).
opposite edges of the cast anode, the anode shall be free of
9.6 The diameter or width, whichever is the larger, of Type
shrinkage cavities exceeding ⁄4in. (6 mm) in depth.Anodes 2
ZEP anodes shall not vary from the specified dimension by
in. (50 mm) thick or more shall be free of shrinkage cavities
more than 6 ⁄8in. (3 mm). 3
exceeding ⁄8in. (10 mm) in depth.
9.7 The diameter of Type ZDM anodes shall not vary more
10.1.1.1 For Type ZPN anodes, shrinkage cavities shall be
than +0.025 in. (1 mm) or −0.005 in. (0.13 mm) from the
mea
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