ASTM F1182-90(1996)

Standard Specification for Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zinc anodes in the form of slabs, plates, discs, and rods for corrosion protection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys.
1.2 The anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosion of surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminum equipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and the seawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The metric (SI) units, given in parentheses, are for information purposes only and may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Jun-1990
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F1182-90(2001) - Standard Specification for Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy
• Effective Date: 29-Jun-1990

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1182 – 90 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Anodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zinc
and Waterproofing; With Appropriate Test Methods
anodes in the form of slabs, plates, discs, and rods for corrosion
2.4 Military Specification:
protection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys.
MIL-P-15011 Pallets Material Handling, Wood Post Con-
1.2 The anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosion
struction, 4-Way Entry
of surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminum
2.5 Federal Specifications:
equipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and the
PPP-B-601 Boxes, Wood, Cleated Plywood
seawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers.
PPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-Corner
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
as standard. The metric (SI) units, given in parentheses, are for
2.6 American National Standards Institute Standard:
information purposes only and may be approximate.
ANSI/ASME B1.20.1—Pipe Threads, General Purpose
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
(Inch)
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3. Classification
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1 The anodes shall be of the following classes and types,
tions prior to use.
as specified (see 4.1.2):
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 Class 1—Cast-in cores:
3.1.1.1 Type ZHS—Zinc, hull slab, steel straps, 23 and 42-lb
2.1 Order of Precedence—In the event of a conflict between
(10 and 19-kg) sizes.
the text of this specification and the references cited herein, the
3.1.1.2 Type ZHB—Zinc, hull slab, brass straps, 23-lb
text of this specification shall take precedence.
(10-kg) size.
2.2 ASTM Standards
3.1.1.3 Type ZHC—Zinc, hull slab, core strap, 23 and 42-lb
A 36/A36M Specification for Structural Steel
(10 and 19-kg) sizes.
B 21 Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes
3.1.1.4 Type ZSS—Zinc, submarine slab, steel strap, 12 and
B 103 Specification for Phosphor Bronze Plate, Sheet, Strip,
24-lb (5 and 11-kg) sizes.
and Rolled Bar
3.1.1.5 Type ZTS—Zinc, teardrop shape, steel strap, 5-lb
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
(2-kg) size.
E 290 Test Method for Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductility
3.1.1.6 Type ZEP—Zinc, heat exchanger or fair water disc,
of Metallic Materials
(pipe core or pipe bushing core):
E 536 Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Zinc and Zinc
Style A square slab, 9-lb (4-kg) size
Alloys
7 Style B circular slab, various sizes
2.3 Military Standards:
Style C semicircular slab, 23-lb (10-kg) size
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
3.1.1.7 Type ZBP—Zinc, bar, pipe core, 8-lb (4-kg) size.
tion by Attributes
3.1.1.8 Type ZDM—Zinc, segmented disc, machine formed
interlocking core, various sizes.
1 3.1.2 Class 2—Plain, no cores;
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-25 on Ships
3.1.2.1 Type ZRN—Zinc, rod, no core, extruded, drawn or
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements.
rolled.
Current edition approved June 29, 1990. Published August 1990. Originally
3.1.2.2 Type ZPN—Zinc, plate, no core, rolled.
published as F 1182 - 88. Last previous edition F 1182 - 88.
3.2 The letter designations of types of anodes have the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. following meanings:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
7 8
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Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1182
3.2.1 The first letter designates anode metal: 4.1.2 Class and type (see 3.1),
Z zinc 4.1.3 Style of Type ZEP, if required (see 3.1.1.6 and Fig. 1),
4.1.4 Diameter of Type ZEP, Style B, if required (see Fig.
3.2.2 The second letter designates the shape or general use:
1),
H hull slab
4.1.5 For Type ZDM, whether straight or tapered thread
S submarine slab
T teardrop shape
support plug head is required (see section 5.1.4.2,)
E heat exchanger slab
4.1.6 Diameter of Type ZDM, if required (see Fig. 2),
R rod, cylindrical
P plate
4.1.7 Length, width, and thickness of Type ZHS, if required
B bar, square
(see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4),
D disc, segmented
4.1.8 Whether Type ZHC is for surface ship or submarine
3.2.3 The third letter designates the core:
usage, if required (see Figs. 5-8),
B brass straps
4.1.9 Pipe or bolt diameter of Type ZRN, if required (see
S steel straps
Fig. 9),
C core strap
P pipe core
4.1.10 Thickness of Type ZPN, if required (see 9.2.1),
M machine formed interlocking core
4.1.11 Quantity required (see 4.2),
N no core
4.1.12 Quality assurance certification, if required (see 15.1),
4. Ordering Information
and
4.1.13 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 through S3).
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
the following information: 4.2 The order for anodes should specify the exact number of
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue, anodes required (see 4.1.11). Acquisition of anodes by weight
FIG. 1 ZEP Heat Exchanger Slab
F 1182
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Zinc, Segmented Disc, Machine-Formed Interlocking Core, Type ZDM
is not practical and is not recommended. 5.1.3 Types ZEP and ZBP anodes shall have core inserts
4.3 When material is ordered in the form of slabs, bars, made from zinc coated steel pipe or pipe couplings. The
discs, or rods, these terms refer merely to the general form and minimum thickness of the coating shall be as specified in 5.1.1.
dimensions of the material and do not have any technical
5.1.4 Type ZDM anodes shall have machine formed inter-
significance as to the methods of manufacture.
locking cores in accordance with commercial grade mild or
leaded steel. The cores shall be flash coated with zinc, tin, or
5. Materials and Manufacture
aluminum before assembly within the anodes.
5.1 Materials:
5.1.4.1 This core insert consists of an integral piece having
5.1.1 Types ZHS, ZHC, ZSS, and ZTS anodes shall have
a threaded male stud at one end and a tapped hole at the other
steel strap cores in accordance with Specification A 36/A36M.
end. Provision has been made to achieve self-locking charac-
The steel shall be coated with zinc, either by the hot-dip or
teristics to interlocking threaded assemblies of multiple seg-
electrodeposition method, to a minimum of 0.0005 in. (0.013
mented anode discs by interference fit of bottom male threads
mm).
into a taper tapped hole.
5.1.2 Type ZHB anodes shall have brass strap cores in
5.2 Manufacture:
accordance with alloy 482 of Specification B 21 or phosphor
5.2.1 All anodes covered under this specification shall be
bronze straps in accordance with C51000 of Specification
manufactured by any process suitable to the contracting agency
B 103. The brass or bronze straps shall be coated with zinc to
provided they meet the mechanical properties and other re-
a minimum thickness of 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Lack of
quirements of this specification.
adhesion of the zinc coating at bend or absence of zinc coating
at cut edges will not be cause for rejection of fabricated anodes. 5.2.2 For Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZSS, and ZTS anodes,
Cracks in the base metal shall be cause for rejection. open or closed molds may be used. Cores and straps shall be
1 1 1
5.1.2.1 The maximum copper content in the zinc, as speci- positioned so that they are embedded ⁄4,+ ⁄8,or− ⁄16 in. (6,
fied in Table 1, may be increased to 0.020 % for Type ZHB +3, or −2 mm) as shown on Figs. 3-5, Fig. 7, and Fig. 10 and
anodes. Fig. 11, which may be measured from either surface of the
F 1182
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with strap in the up or down position. All
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with strap in the up or down position. All dimensions (inches) refer to the wider and longer edges of the anode.
dimensions (inches) refer to the wider and longer edges of the anodes. NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8 in.
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8 in. NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm. NOTE 4—Minimum weight 41 lb (18.6 kg).
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg). FIG. 4 Zinc Hull Slab (Steel Straps), Type ZHS-42
FIG. 3 Zinc Hull Slab (Steel Straps), Type ZHS-23; Zinc Hull Slab
(Brass Straps), Type ZHB Type ZDM anode (see Fig. 2) shall be required so that an axial
force applied from the stud end to remove the core insert is a
minimum of 750 lb (340 kg) (see 13.1.3).
anode as applicable, except Fig. 11 (bottom), which shall be
5.2.6 The machine formed core insert specified in 5.1.4
3 1 1
embedded ⁄8,+ ⁄8,or− ⁄16 in. (10, +3, or −2 mm).
shall be manufactured in accordance with details and toler-
5.2.2.1 Type ZHC anodes designated as shown on Fig. 6 and
ances shown for Piece 2 on Fig. 1 and ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
Fig. 8 and are intended for use with rubber washers for
5.2.6.1 The pieces shown on Fig. 1 shall screw together very
submarine application. The countersink for the rubber washer
snugly by hand tightening or by using simple hand tools such
may be cast or machined. The anode shall be manufactured so
as pliers or pipe wrenches.
that the countersink is centered on the core hole and the rubber
washer fits snugly between the hull and anode core to prevent
6. Chemical Composition
anode movement or vibration.
6.1 The anodes shall conform to the composition specified
5.2.2.2 Type ZSS, ZHS, ZHB, and ZTS anodes may be
in Table 1. Total of elemental constituents not specified in
mounted by welding or by fasteners. Those intended to be
Table 1 shall not exceed 0.10 %. Metallic elements not
attached by fasteners shall indicate the requirements for
specified in Table 1 are considered contaminants.
mounting holes in the strap. The mounting hole shall be
counterbored on the structure side of the strap. 7. Mechanical Properties
5.2.3 The pipe core inserts for Type ZEP anodes shall
7.1 When tested in accordance with 13.2, Types ZRN rods
conform to 5.1.3. The position of the pipe core insert shall not
and ZPN plates shall not fracture or show signs of cracking.
vary more than 6 ⁄8 in. (3 mm) from the center as shown on
7.2 When tested in accordance with 13.2.1, ZRN anodes
Fig. 1.
shall have a minimum torsional shear strength of 12 000 psi
5.2.4 The position of the pipe core insert for Type ZBP
(83 MPa).
anodes specified in 5.1.3 shall not vary more than 6 ⁄4 in. (6
8. Other Requirements
mm) from the center as shown on Fig. 12.
5.2.5 Metallic bonding or an interference fit of the core into 8.1 When tested in accordance with 13.1.1 or 13.1.2, Types
F 1182
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down
position. All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8 in.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg).
FIG. 5 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-23
ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZSS, ZTS, ZEP, and ZBP anodes shall obtain
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down
a sound metallurgical bond between the zinc and core for at
position. All dimensions are in inches.
least 30 % of the total surface area of each core in contact with NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8 in.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
the anode.
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg).
8.2 During the manufacturing process, certain toxic com-
FIG. 6 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-23, Submarine
pounds (such as zinc phosphide) may become by-products.
Application
Caution should be taken in disposal of process wastewater to
ensure that the composition of the water meets with local, state,
and federal regulations.
specified. If the weight is less than the minimum weight for the
type of anode specified, it shall be cause for rejection of the
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
entire lot.
9.1 Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS, ZSS, ZEP, ZBP, ZDM,
9.4 The length and width of Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS,
and ZRN anodes shall be in accordance with the dimensions
ZPN, ZSS, and ZBP anodes shall not vary more than 6 ⁄8 in. (3
shown in Figs. 1-11, inclusive.
mm), measured at the widest surface of the tapered (for mold
9.2 Type ZPN anode shall be 48 in. (1220 mm) in length by
release) anode.
24 in. (610 cm) in width.
9.5 The length of Type ZRN anodes will be permitted to
9.2.1 The thickness shall be either ⁄2 or 1 in. (13 or 25 mm)
have a variation of 61 in. (25 mm) based on nominal lengths
as specified (see 4.1.10).
of 3 and 6 ft (914 and 1829 mm).
9.3 Types ZSS-12, ZSS-24, ZHC-23, ZHC-42, ZHS-23, and
9.6 The diameter or width, whichever is the larger, of Type
ZHS-42 shall have the following minimum weight require-
ZEP anodes shall not vary from the specified dimension by
ments:
more than 6 ⁄8 in. (3 mm).
Anode Weight, min, lb (kg)
9.7 The diameter of Type ZDM anodes shall not vary more
than +0.025 in. (1 mm) or −0.005 in. (0.13 mm) from the
ZSS-12 11.0 (5)
specified diameter.
ZSS-24, ZHC-23, ZHS-23 21.5 (10)
ZHC-42 39.0 (18)
9.8 The diameter of the ZRN anode shall not vary more than
ZHS-42 41.0 (19)
6 ⁄32 in. (1 mm) from the specified diameter.
9.3.1 The total weight of the specified type of anode 9.9 The thickness of Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS, ZPN,
received divided by the total number of anodes of that type ZSS, ZEP, and ZBP anodes shall not vary more than 6 ⁄8 in. (3
shall be equal to or greater than the minimum weight (11.0, mm). Thickness measurements shall be taken at random 1 in.
21.5, 39.0, 41.0 lb (5, 10, 18, 19 kg)) of the anode type (25 mm) from any edge of the anode by means of a suitable
F 1182
NOTE 1—Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down position. All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—Tolerance 6 ⁄8 in.
NOTE 3—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 4—Minimum weight 39 lb (17.7 kg).
FIG. 7 Zinc Hull Sl
...