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ASTM E2298-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Instrumented impact testing provides an independent measurement of the total absorbed energy associated with fracturing CVN or MCVN specimens for test machines equipped with a dial and/or optical encoder.
Instrumented impact testing is particularly effective in MCVN testing since the resolution of a calibrated strain-gaged striker does not necessarily decrease with the magnitude of the measured energy.
In addition to providing an measure of total absorbed energy (Wt), instrumented testing enables the determination of characteristic force, energy, and displacement parameters. Depending on the material and test temperature, these parameters can provide very useful information (in addition to total absorbed energy) on the fracture behavior of materials such as: the temperature which corresponds to the onset of the lower shelf; the temperature which corresponds to the onset of the upper shelf; the pre-maximum force energy (Wm); the post-maximum force energy; the energy associated with shear lip tearing after brittle fracture; the general yield force (Fgy); the force at brittle fracture initiation (Fbf); the arrest force (Fa). The instrumented data may also be used to highlight test results which should be discarded on the basis of misalignment or other critical test factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard establishes the requirements for performing instrumented Charpy V-Notch (CVN) and instrumented Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch (MCVN) impact tests on metallic materials. This method, which is based on experience developed testing steels, provides further information (in addition to the total absorbed energy) on the fracture behavior of the tested materials. Minimum requirements are given for measurement and recording equipment such that similar sensitivity and comparable total absorbed energy measurements to those obtained in Test Methods E 23 and E 2248 are achieved.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2009
ICS
77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.07 - Impact Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2298-13 - Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM E636-20 - Standard Guide for Conducting Supplemental Surveillance Tests for Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E185-21 - Standard Practice for Design of Surveillance Programs for Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2248-18 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-notch Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1820-23b - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E23-23a - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM E3039-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Ferritic Steels Using DWTT-Type Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009

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ASTM E2298-09 - Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2298 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 14556 Steel—Charpy V-notch Pendulum Impact
1.1 This standard establishes the requirements for perform-
3
Tests—Instrumented Test Method
ing instrumented Charpy V-Notch (CVN) and instrumented
Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch (MCVN) impact tests on metal-
3. Terminology
lic materials. This method, which is based on experience
3.1 Definitions—The symbols and definitions applicable to
developed testing steels, provides further information (in
instrumented impact testing are indicated in Table 1.
addition to the total absorbed energy) on the fracture behavior
of the tested materials. Minimum requirements are given for
4. Summary of Test Method
measurement and recording equipment such that similar sen-
4.1 This test method prescribes the requirements for instru-
sitivityandcomparabletotalabsorbedenergymeasurementsto
mented CVN and MCVN impact tests in accordance withTest
those obtained in Test Methods E23 and E2248 are achieved.
Methods E23 and E2248. The E23 and E2248 tests consist of
breaking by one blow from a swinging pendulum, under
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
conditions defined hereafter, a specimen notched in the middle
standard.
and supported at each end. In order to establish the impact
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
force-displacement diagram, it is necessary to instrument the
4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strikerwithstraingages andmeasurethevoltageasafunction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of time during the impact event. The voltage-time curve is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
converted to the force-time curve through a suitable static
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
calibration. The force-displacement relationship is then ob-
tained by double integration of the force-time curve. The area
2. Referenced Documents
under the force-displacement curve corresponds to the energy
absorbed by the specimen during the test.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Force-displacement curves for different steels and dif-
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
ferent temperatures can vary even though the areas under the
of Steel Products
curves and the absorbed energies are identical. If the force-
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
displacementcurvesaredividedintoanumberofcharacteristic
E23Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
parts, various phases of the test with characteristic forces,
tallic Materials
displacements, and energies can be deduced. These character-
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
istic values provide additional information about the fracture
ASTM Test Methods
behavior of the specimen.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
4.3 Application of instrumented test data to the evaluation
E2248Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized
ofmaterialbehavioristheresponsibilityoftheuserofthistest
Charpy V-Notch Specimens
method.
5. Significance and Use
1 5.1 Instrumented impact testing provides an independent
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on measurement of the total absorbed energy associated with
Impact Testing.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
3
E2298-09. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Thistestmethodreferstostrikersinstrumentedwithstraingages.However,the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on use of piezoelectric load cells or accelerometers is not excluded, provided their
the ASTM website. temperature sensitivity is properly accounted for.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2298 − 09
TABLE 1 Symbols and Designations Related to Instrumented
(i.e., 2 mm radius of striking edge) is allowed. Available data
Impact Testing 5
...

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This test method establishes the standard procedures, including the calibration, precision and bias of the apparatus used, for the determination of indentation hardness of metallic materials by means of portable hardness testers.
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4.1 The Rockwell hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
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Hardness Value Corrections When Testing on Convex
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List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Values Corresponding
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Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Rockwell
Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
1.5 Units—At the time the Rockwell hardness test was developed, the force levels were specified in units of kilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters were specified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters (mm). However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in kgf units and ball diameters in inch units are provided for information and much of the discussion in this standard refers to these units.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Differential Indentation Depth hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information can correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and can be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.  
4.3 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing at a specific location on a part might not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. Machines that comply with this Standard are used when machines that comply with the regular hardness standards such as Test Methods E10, E18, E92, and E384 cannot be used. Test results obtained with these machines are comparable BUT NOT EQUIVALENT to those obtained with machines that comply with the above mentioned standards.  
4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Differential Indentation Depth hardness of metallic materials by the Differential Indentation Depth hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines and the procedures for performing Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests.  
1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:    
Verification of Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Testing Machines  
Annex A1  
Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece  
Annex A2  
1.3 This standard includes non-mandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Differential Indentation Depth hardness test.    
List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Numbers Corresponding to Tensile Strength  
Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines  
Appendix X3  
1.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.  
1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.  
1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati...

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ASTM
ASTM E436-03(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).  
4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.  
4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).  
4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E143-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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