ASTM D1084-97

Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the viscosity of free-flowing adhesives.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1997
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.10 - Working Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D1084-97(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7149-05(2021) - Standard Practice for Determining the Freeze Thaw Stability of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F2468-05(2019) - Standard Classification for Specifying Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F2118-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Constant Amplitude of Force Controlled Fatigue Testing of Acrylic Bone Cement Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2564-20 - Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4800-94(2023) - Standard Guide for Classifying and Specifying Adhesives
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D8089-17 - Standard Practice for Accelerated Heat Aging for Floor Covering Adhesives
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3138-21 - Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Transition Joints Between Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Piping Components
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F493-22 - Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2835-89(2017) - Standard Specification for Lubricant for Installation of Preformed Compression Seals in Concrete Pavements
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2235-22 - Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4070-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Adhesive Lubricant for Installation of Preformed Elastomeric Bridge Compression Seals in Concrete Structures
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D7799-12a(2021) - Standard Specification for Tufted and Woven Broadloom Carpet Adhesives Without Homogenous PVC or Non-PVC Backings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2680-20 - Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer Piping
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D5363-16 - Standard Specification for Anaerobic Single-Component Adhesives (AN)
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1084–97
Standard Test Methods for
Viscosity of Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. These test methods replace Method 4021 or Federal
Test Method Standard No. 175a.
1. Scope D 2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
viscosity of free-flowing adhesives.
3. Terminology
1.1.1 The limitation of this test method to self-leveling
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in these test methods are
adhesives eliminates thixotropic and plastic materials whose
defined in Terminology D 907.
viscosity is a function of the rate of stirring and previous
3.1.1 viscosity, n—of a liquid, the resistance to flow ex-
history of the adhesive.
pressed as the ratio of the applied stress to the resulting rate of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shearing strain (see Newtonian behavior, and thixotropy).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Compare consistency.)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
liquid in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the poise,
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
which is expressed as dyne-seconds per square centimetre. For
2. Referenced Documents a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear rates.
For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shear rate.
D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D 115 Test Methods for Varnishes Used for Electrical Insu-
4. Significance and Use
lation
4.1 Several test methods are noted for viscosity determina-
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
4 tion of Newtonian and near Newtonian flow characteristics.
Stormer Viscometer
5 (For adhesives not fitting into this category, Test Method
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
4 D 2556 should be considered.) Four test methods are covered
D 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
as follows:
D 1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids
6 4.1.1 Method A is applicable only to adhesives that will
by Bubble Time Method
deliver 50 mLin a steady uninterrupted stream from one of the
D 1601 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Eth-
7 cups described in Section 5.
ylene Polymers
4.1.2 Method B is intended for measuring the viscosity of
adhesives covering a range from 0.05 Pa·sto200Pa·s(50
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on to 200 000 cP) and is limited to materials that have or
Adhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working
approach Newtonian flow characteristics.
Properties.
4.1.3 Method C is intended primarily as a control method
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published May 1998. Originally
for determining the viscosity of adhesives that have or ap-
published as D 1084 – 50. Last previous edition D 1084 – 88.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
proach Newtonian flow characteristics.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1084
4.1.4 Method D is intended primarily as a control method of the finger, pour the sample into the cup until it is filled to
for determining the viscosity of materials that have an equiva- overflowing. Strike off the excess with a straightedge, and then
lent viscosity no greater than approximately 3000 cP and is remove the finger from over the outlet and allow the sample to
limited to materials that have or approach Newtonian flow flow into the receiving cylinder. Determine the number of
characteristics. seconds from the time the finger is removed from the orifice
until the top of the meniscus reaches to 50-mL mark on the
TEST METHOD A
cylinder by a stop watch and record as the viscosity of the
material.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of a set of four viscosity
7. Report
cups so designed as to deliver 50 mL of the sample in from 30
7.1 Report the following:
to 100 s at a temperature of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4 6 0.9°F).
7.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-
5.1.1 Four consistency cups constitute a set as follows:
ing type, source, manufacturer’s code numbers, form, date of
Diameter of Orifice, in.
test, date of manufacture, etc.,
First Cup 0.07 6 0.0001
7.1.2 Conditioning procedure used for samples prior to
Second cup 0.10 6 0.0001
Third cup 0.15 6 0.0001 testing,
Fourth cup 0.25 6 0.0001
7.1.3 Number of tests made, and
7.1.4 Average consistency in seconds and the number of the
5.1.2 Cups made of brass or bronze. Orifice disks made of
viscosity cup used.
18 % Chromium, 8 % Nickel stainless steel. The diameter of
the Orifice pressed in the cup shall be stamped on the cup
TEST METHOD B
5.1.3 Fractional dimensions subject to permissible varia-
tions of 60.01 in., unless otherwise specified.
8. Apparatus
6. Procedure
8.1 Viscometer—The apparatus consists of a Brookfield
synchrolectric viscosimeter, or an equivalent instrument. A
6.1 Bring the sample to be tested and the viscosity cup to a
series of spindles with various sized disks is provided with
temperature of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4 6 0.9°F) (preferably in a
constant-temperature room). Then mount the consistency cup
in the clamp provided for the purpose and place the receiving
cylinder in position.With the outlet of the cup closed by means Manufactured by the Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Stoughton, MA.
All dimensions are in mm
FIG. 1 Consistency Cups and Apparatus Assembly
(Test Method A)
D1084
each instrument covering a standard range of viscosities. with a lower range should be used. Make a minimum of three
Scored, warped, or otherwise damaged spindles are not to be readings. Some instruments have two concentric scales, and
used. The calibration sleeve will be used when the values are great care should be taken to read the pointer on the correct
to be reported in actual centipoise. This spindle guard ensures scale as specified by the manufacturer for the spindle used.
uniform edge effects. By mutual agreement, the instrument
11. Report
may be used without the calibration sleeve, but the values
obtained must be reported in apparent centipoises. Use a 11.1 Report the following:
standard container and take care to center the spindle in the 11.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-
container. A complete description of the container must be cluding type, source, manufacturer’s code numbers, form, date
include in the report. of test, date of manufacture, etc.,
8.2 Thermometer—A precision thermometer with gradua- 11.1.2 Name and model number of the instrument used,
tions not greater than 0.2°C (0.36°F) divisions. 11.1.3 Number of the spindle used, and specify use of
spindleguard,
9. Calibration
11.1.4 Speed used,
9.1 Whenusedforrefereepurposes,calibratetheinstrument 11.1.5 Conditioning procedure employed, including details
by measuring the viscosity of a standard oil, using the same
of the container and time elapsed between various operations
spindle and speed of rotation employed to measure the sample. used in the preparation of the adhesive mix,
If the viscosity of the oil as read by the instrument differs by
11.1.6 Temperature of the sample at the conclusion of the
more than 2 % and less than 20 % from the certified viscosity test,
of the oil, calculate the viscosity of the unknown by means of
11.1.7 Number of tests made, and
the appropriate correction factor. Investigate a difference of 11.1.8 Viscosity in actual or apparent centipoises, together
more than 20 %, and determine a calibration curve using at
with the range of the observation in centipoises.
least two standard oils with viscosities on either side of the
TEST METHOD C
sample for the instrument.
12. Apparatus
10. Procedure
12.1 Viscometer—A Stormer viscosimeter with double flag
10.1 Conditioning—Bring the sample of the adhesive and
paddle-type rotor as specified in Test Method D 562, or an
the instrument to a temperature of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4°F)
equivalent apparatus, i
...