ASTM D6146-97(2002)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds
Standard Guide for Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—This guide is intended to provide general guidance on a watershed monitoring program directed toward the plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. The guide offers a series of general steps without setting forth a specific course of action. It gives assistance for developing a monitoring program but not a program for implementing measures to improve water quality.
1.2 This guide applies to waters found in streams and rivers; lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; estuaries; wetlands; the atmosphere; and the vadose and subsurface saturated zones (including aquifers). This guide does not apply to nutrients found in soils, plants, or animals.
1.3 Nutrients as used in this guide are intended to include nitrogen and phosphorus in dissolved, gaseous, and particulate forms. Specific species of nitrogen include: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, organic, total Kjeldahl, and nitrous oxide. The species of phosphorus include total, total dissolved, organic, acid-hydrolyzable, and reactive phosphorus as described in (2)
1.4 Safety—Health and safety practices developed for a project may need to consider the following:
1.4.1 During the construction of sampling stations:
1.4.1.1 Drilling practices during monitoring well installations,
1.4.1.2 Overhead and underground utilities during monitoring well drilling,
1.4.1.3 Traffic patterns/concerns during sampling station installation,
1.4.1.4 Traffic patterns/concerns during surveying sampling station locations and elevations,
1.4.1.5 Drilling through materials highly contaminated with fertilizers, and
1.4.1.6 Installing monitoring equipment below the soil surface.
1.4.2 During the collection of water samples:
1.4.2.1 Using acids for sample preservation,
1.4.2.2 Sampling during flooding events and ice conditions,
1.4.2.3 Traffic on bridges,
1.4.2.4 Condition of sampling stations following flood events,
1.4.2.5 Sampling of water or soils, or both, highly contaminated with fertilizers,
1.4.2.6 Conditions of sampling stations resulting from vandalism,
1.4.2.7 Adverse weather conditions, and
1.4.2.8 Transporting liquid samples.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6146–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
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Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus are plant nutrients, both naturally occurring and
manmade, that can threaten water resources. Nutrients that run off or infiltrate through the soil profile
canresultinunfishableandunswimmablestreams,lakes,andestuaries,andunsafesurfaceandground
water used for drinking. High concentrations of nitrate in drinking water are a threat to young infants,
and surface waters can suffer from algal blooms, fish kills, and unpalatable and unsafe water for
swimming and drinking. Nutrients are also added to watersheds via chemigation.
This guide recommends a process for developing and implementing monitoring projects for
nutrients in a watershed. It follows Guide D 5851 with more specifics applicable to watersheds and
nutrients. These guidelines are presented for use in the nationwide strategy for monitoring developed
by the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring (ITFM). The nationwide monitoring strategy is
an effort to improve the technical aspects of water monitoring to support sound water quality
decision-making. It is needed to integrate monitoring activities more effectively and economically to
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achieve a better return of investments in monitoring projects (1).
Guide D 6145 is offered as a guide for monitoring actual and potential nonpoint and point source
pollution within a watershed. The guide is applicable to surface water and ground water resources,
recognizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of naturally occurring and manmade impacts
to the entire watershed hydrologic system.
1. Scope action.Itgivesassistancefordevelopingamonitoringprogram
butnotaprogramforimplementingmeasurestoimprovewater
1.1 Purpose—This guide is intended to provide general
quality.
guidance on a watershed monitoring program directed toward
1.2 Thisguideappliestowatersfoundinstreamsandrivers;
the plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. The guide offers a
lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; estuaries; wetlands; the atmo-
series of general steps without setting forth a specific course of
sphere; and the vadose and subsurface saturated zones (includ-
ing aquifers). This guide does not apply to nutrients found in
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soils, plants, or animals.
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications,
1.3 Nutrients as used in this guide are intended to include
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods.
nitrogen and phosphorus in dissolved, gaseous, and particulate
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published October 1997.
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forms. Specific species of nitrogen include: nitrate, nitrite,
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the
end of this standard. ammonia, organic, total Kjeldahl, and nitrous oxide. The
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6146–97 (2002)
species of phosphorus include total, total dissolved, organic, D 4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
acid-hydrolyzable, and reactive phosphorus as described in (2) D 4448 Guide for Sampling Ground Water Monitoring
1.4 Safety—Health and safety practices developed for a Wells
project may need to consider the following: D 4696 Guide for Pore-Liquid Sampling from the Vadose
1.4.1 During the construction of sampling stations: Zone
1.4.1.1 Drilling practices during monitoring well installa- D 4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
tions, D 5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground
1.4.1.2 Overhead and underground utilities during monitor- Water Monitoring Wells in Aquifers
ing well drilling, D 6145 Guide for Monitoring Sediment in Watersheds
1.4.1.3 Traffic patterns/concerns during sampling station D 5851 Guide for Planning and Implementing a Water
installation, Monitoring Program
1.4.1.4 Traffic patterns/concerns during surveying sampling
station locations and elevations, 3. Terminology
1.4.1.5 Drilling through materials highly contaminated with
3.1 Definitions:
fertilizers, and
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
1.4.1.6 Installing monitoring equipment below the soil sur-
Terminology D 1129 and Guide D 5851.
face.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4.2 During the collection of water samples:
3.2.
...
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