ASTM D3826-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
Standard Practice for Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The tensile elongation property determined by this practice is of value for the characterization of degradable materials. It is possible that the tensile elongation property will vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, speed of testing, type of grips used, and manner of measuring test extension. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
4.2 It is acceptable to use the tensile elongation property to provide data for research and development and engineering design as well as quality control specifications. However, data from such tests cannot be considered significant for applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the test employed.
4.3 Materials that fail by tearing give anomalous data that cannot be compared with those from normal failure.
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference needs to be made to the specifications of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters or a combination thereof, covered in the material specifications shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate or degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degradation process (such as when the tensile elongation is significantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D882 is recommended. This practice is not to be considered the only way of determining a degradation-end point.
1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D638.
1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the sample and a static load cell.
Note 1: This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension indicators accurate to ±1.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D638 is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is incorporated in the procedure.
1.4 This procedure has been successful for determining the degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copolymers and has screened successfully two other additive-type polyethylenes in a round robin test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3826 − 18
Standard Practice for
Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable
1
Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
thick.This practice is not intended for determination of the rate
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
or degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its
degradation under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If
2. Referenced Documents
one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degrada-
2
tion process (such as when the tensile elongation is signifi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D882 is recommended.
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-
This practice is not to be considered the only way of deter-
cal Insulation
mining a degradation-end point.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with
Sheeting
Test Method D638.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation
D5208 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure
test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of
of Photodegradable Plastics
the grips holding the sample and a static load cell.
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
NOTE 1—This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a
Plastics Specimens
measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
indicators accurate to 61.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D638
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is
incorporated in the procedure.
3. Terminology
1.4 This procedure has been successful for determining the
3.1 Definitions of Terms—For definitions of terms used in
degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copoly-
this specification associated with plastics issues refer to the
mers and has screened successfully two other additive-type
terminology contained in Terminology D883.
polyethylenes in a round robin test.
3.2 Definitions:
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to tension
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
testing of plastics appear in the Annex to Test Method D638.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 line grips, n—in tensile testing machines, grips having
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
faces designed to concentrate the entire gripping force along a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
single line perpendicular to the direction of testing stress.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 tear failure, n—in tensile testing of films, a failure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
characterized by fracture initiating at one edge of the specimen
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
isthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.96onEnvironmentallyDegradable
2
Plastics and Biobased Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3826 – 98 (2013). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3826-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM Internat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3826 − 98 (Reapproved 2013) D3826 − 18
Standard Practice for
Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable
1
Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/
polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate ofor
degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation
under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degradation process (such
as when the tensile elongation is significantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D882 is recommended. This practice shouldis not
to be considered the only way of determining a degradation-end point.
1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method
D638.
1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of the grips
holding the sample and a static load cell.
NOTE 1—This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension indicators
accurate to 61.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D638 is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is incorporated in the
procedure.
1.4 This procedure has been successful for determining the degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copolymers and
has screened successfully two other additive-type polyethylenes in a round robin test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D5208 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure of Photodegradable Plastics
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable
Plastics and Biobased Products.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published February 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as D3826 – 98 (2008).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D3826-98R13.10.1520/D3826-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3826 − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms—For definitions of terms used in this specification associated with plastics issues refer to the
terminology contained in Terminology D883.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 Definitions of terms
...
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