ASTM D6109-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related Products
Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flexural properties determined by these test methods are especially useful for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes.
5.2 Specimen depth, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and the difference in rate of straining specified in Test Methods A and B are capable of influencing flexural property results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are suitable for determining the flexural properties for any solid or hollow manufactured plastic lumber product of square, rectangular, round, or other geometric cross section that shows viscoelastic behavior. The test specimens are whole “as manufactured” pieces without any altering or machining of surfaces beyond cutting to length. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber as a product and not a material property test method. Flexural strength cannot be determined for those products that do not break or that do not fail in the extreme outer fiber.
Note 1: This test method was developed for application to plastic lumber materials, but it is generic enough that it would be equally applicable to other plastic composite materials, including wood-plastic composite materials.
1.2 Test Method A, designed principally for products in the flat or “plank” position.
1.3 Test Method B, designed principally for those products in the edgewise or “joist” position.
1.4 Plastic lumber currently is produced using several different plastic manufacturing processes. These processes utilize a number of diverse plastic resin material systems that include fillers, fiber reinforcements, and other chemical additives. The test methods are applicable to plastic lumber products where the plastic resin is the continuous phase, regardless of its manufacturing process, type or weight percentage of plastic resin utilized, type or weight percentage of fillers utilized, type or weight percentage of reinforcements utilized, and type or weight percentage of other chemical additives.
1.4.1 Alternative to a single resin material system, diverse and multiple combinations of both virgin and recycled thermoplastic material systems are permitted in the manufacture of plastic lumber products.
1.4.2 Diverse types and combinations of inorganic and organic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of plastic lumber products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, and so forth. Organic fillers include lignocellulosic materials made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof.
1.4.3 Fiber reinforcements used in plastic lumber include manufactured materials such as fiberglass (chopped or continuous), carbon, aramid and other polymerics; or lignocellulosic-based fibers such as flax, jute, kenaf, and hemp.
1.4.4 A wide variety of chemical additives are added to plastic lumber formulations to serve numerous different purposes. Examples include colorants, chemical foaming agents, ultraviolet stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, anti-static products, biocides, heat stabilizers, and coupling agents
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6109 − 24
Standard Test Methods for
Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic
1
Lumber and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4.2 Diverse types and combinations of inorganic and
organic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of
1.1 These test methods are suitable for determining the
plastic lumber products. Inorganic fillers include such materi-
flexural properties for any solid or hollow manufactured plastic
als as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, and so
lumber product of square, rectangular, round, or other geomet-
forth. Organic fillers include lignocellulosic materials made or
ric cross section that shows viscoelastic behavior. The test
derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat
specimens are whole “as manufactured” pieces without any
straw, and combinations thereof.
altering or machining of surfaces beyond cutting to length. As
1.4.3 Fiber reinforcements used in plastic lumber include
such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of
manufactured materials such as fiberglass (chopped or
plastic lumber as a product and not a material property test
continuous), carbon, aramid and other polymerics; or
method. Flexural strength cannot be determined for those
lignocellulosic-based fibers such as flax, jute, kenaf, and hemp.
products that do not break or that do not fail in the extreme
1.4.4 A wide variety of chemical additives are added to
outer fiber.
plastic lumber formulations to serve numerous different pur-
NOTE 1—This test method was developed for application to plastic
poses. Examples include colorants, chemical foaming agents,
lumber materials, but it is generic enough that it would be equally
ultraviolet stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, anti-static
applicable to other plastic composite materials, including wood-plastic
products, biocides, heat stabilizers, and coupling agents
composite materials.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
1.2 Test Method A, designed principally for products in the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
flat or “plank” position.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
1.3 Test Method B, designed principally for those products
and are not considered standard.
in the edgewise or “joist” position.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.4 Plastic lumber currently is produced using several dif-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ferent plastic manufacturing processes. These processes utilize responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a number of diverse plastic resin material systems that include
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fillers, fiber reinforcements, and other chemical additives. The mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test methods are applicable to plastic lumber products where
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
the plastic resin is the continuous phase, regardless of its
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
manufacturing process, type or weight percentage of plastic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
resin utilized, type or weight percentage of fillers utilized, type
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or weight percentage of reinforcements utilized, and type or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
weight percentage of other chemical additives.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4.1 Alternative to a single resin material system, diverse
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and multiple combinations of both virgin and recycled thermo-
plastic material systems are permitted in the manufacture of
2. Referenced Documents
plastic lumber products.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber
2
(Section D20.20.01). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual B
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6109 − 19 D6109 − 24
Standard Test Methods for
Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic
1
Lumber and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods are suitable for determining the flexural properties for any solid or hollow manufactured plastic lumber
product of square, rectangular, round, or other geometric cross section that shows viscoelastic behavior. The test specimens are
whole “as manufactured” pieces without any altering or machining of surfaces beyond cutting to length. As such, this is a test
method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber as a product and not a material property test method. Flexural strength
cannot be determined for those products that do not break or that do not fail in the extreme outer fiber.
NOTE 1—This test method was developed for application to plastic lumber materials, but it is generic enough that it would be equally applicable to other
plastic composite materials, including wood-plastic composite materials.
1.2 Test Method A, designed principally for products in the flat or “plank” position.
1.3 Test Method B, designed principally for those products in the edgewise or “joist” position.
1.4 Plastic lumber currently is produced using several different plastic manufacturing processes. These processes utilize a number
of diverse plastic resin material systems that include fillers, fiber reinforcements, and other chemical additives. The test methods
are applicable to plastic lumber products where the plastic resin is the continuous phase, regardless of its manufacturing process,
type or weight percentage of plastic resin utilized, type or weight percentage of fillers utilized, type or weight percentage of
reinforcements utilized, and type or weight percentage of other chemical additives.
1.4.1 Alternative to a single resin material system, diverse and multiple combinations of both virgin and recycled thermoplastic
material systems are permitted in the manufacture of plastic lumber products.
1.4.2 Diverse types and combinations of inorganic and organic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of plastic lumber
products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, and so forth. Organic fillers
include lignocellulosic materials made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations
thereof.
1.4.3 Fiber reinforcements used in plastic lumber include manufactured materials such as fiberglass (chopped or continuous),
carbon, aramid and other polymerics; or lignocellulosic-based fibers such as flax, jute, kenaf, and hemp.
1.4.4 A wide variety of chemical additives are added to plastic lumber formulations to serve numerous different purposes.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
D20.20.01).
Current edition approved April 1, 2019Feb. 1, 2024. Published May 2019February 2024. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20132019 as
D6109 - 13.D6109 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D6109-19.10.1520/D6109-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6109 − 24
Examples include colorants, chemical foaming agents, ultraviolet stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, anti-static products,
biocides, heat stabilizers, and coupling agents
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was develope
...
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