ASTM D7544-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion; water content; pyrolysis solids content; kinematic viscosity; density; sulfur content; ash content; pH; flash point; and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade D in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not modified to handle these types of fuels.
Note 1—For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.1.5.1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuels PropertyTest MethodGrade GGrade D Gross Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg, minD2401515 Water Content, % mass, maxE2033030 Pyrolysis Solids Content, % mass, maxD75792.50.25 Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C, mm2/s, maxD445A125125 Density at 20°C, kg/dm3D40521.1–1.31.1–1.3 Sulfur Content, % mass, maxD42940.050.05 Ash Content, % mass, maxD4820.250.15 pH.E70ReportReport Flash Point,°C, minD93, Procedure B4545 Pour Point,°C, maxD97–9–9
A Without filtering.
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Designation:D7544 −12
Standard Specification for
1
Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various
types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and
2. Referenced Documents
operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
2
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners 2.1 ASTM Standards:
equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
requirementslistedforGradeGinTable1.Thepyrolysisliquid Closed Cup Tester
biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or D240Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-
marine applications. drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial D396Specification for Fuel Oils
burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
requirementslistedforGradeDinTable1.Thepyrolysisliquid ity)
biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use D482Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
modified to handle these types of fuels. Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4294Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the physical, chemical,
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix
trometry
X1.
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
1.2 Thisspecificationisforuseincontractsforthepurchase
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of
D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
this type of fuel.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.3 Nothinginthisspecificationshouldprecludeobservance
D6469GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
ofnationalorlocalregulations,whichmaybemorerestrictive.
Systems
D7579Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyroly-
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create
problemsinthehandlingofpyrolysisliquidbiofuel.Formoreinformation sis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol
on the subject, see Guide D4865.
E70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
Glass Electrode
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this E203Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
Titration
standard.
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information
3. Terminology
only in 3.1.5.1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1 bulk fuel, n—fuel in the storage facility in quantities
over 190 L.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
2
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7544–10. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI:10.1520/D7544-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7544−12
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuels
Property Test Method Grade G Grade D
Gross Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg, min D240 15 15
Water Content, % mass, max E203 30 30
Pyrolysis Solids Content, % mass, max D7579 2
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7544–10 Designation: D7544 – 12
Standard Specification for
1
Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This specification covers a pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in industrial burners equipped
to handle these types of fuels.This type of biofuel is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines,
or marine applications.
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of
fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 GradeGisintendedforuseinindustrialburnersequippedtohandlethepyrolysisliquidbiofuelsmeetingtherequirements
listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential
heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are
equippedtohandlethepyrolysisliquidbiofuelsmeetingtherequirementslistedforGradeDinTable1.Thepyrolysisliquidbiofuel
listedunderGradeDinTable1isnotintendedforuseinresidentialheaters,engines,ormarineapplicationsnotmodifiedtohandle
these types of fuels.
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this
type of fuel.
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on
the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.1.43.1.5.1.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on
Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7544–09.
DOI:10.1520/D7544-10.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7544–10.
DOI:10.1520/D7544-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
...
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