ASTM E345-93(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design.
The results of tension tests from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in different environments.
These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the methods have been used extensively for these purposes.
Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility of materials through the measurement either of elongation or reduction of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced, tension tests may become less useful for the determination of ductility. For these purposes Test Method E 796 presents an alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature in thicknesses less than 0.006 in. (0.150 mm).
Note 1—Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E345 − 93 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Methods of
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic 3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing
foil at room temperature in thicknesses less than 0.006 in. appearing in Terminology E6 apply to the terms used in these
(0.150 mm). methods of tension testing.
NOTE 1—Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual
4. Significance and Use
specifications or test methods for a particular material.
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
development, quality control, and design.
information only and are not considered standard.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
part or material may not totally represent the strength and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different environments.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
ceptance testing of commercial shipments since the methods
2. Referenced Documents
have been used extensively for these purposes.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
of materials through the measurement either of elongation or
Materials
reduction of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced,
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
tension tests may become less useful for the determination of
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
ductility. For these purposes Test Method E796 presents an
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
terials
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 5. Apparatus
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.1 Testing Machines—Machines used for tension testing
E252Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin Sheet, and
shall conform to the requirements of Practices E4. The loads
Film by Mass Measurement
used in determining tensile strength, yield strength, and yield
E796Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
point shall be within the verified loading range of the testing
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
machine as defined in Practices E4.
5.2 Gripping Devices:
5.2.1 General—Various types of gripping devices may be
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
used to transmit the measured load applied by the testing
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing.
machine to the test specimen. To ensure axial tensile stress
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
within the gage length, the axis of the test specimen must
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E345–87(2002).
coincide with the center line of the heads of the testing
DOI: 10.1520/E0345-93R08.
2
machine. Any departure from this center line may introduce
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bending stresses that are not included in the usual stress
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
computation (load divided by cross-sectional area).
the ASTM website.
3
5.2.2 Wedge Grips—Testing machines usually are equipped
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. with wedge grips. These wedge grips generally furnish a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E345 − 93 (2008)
Dimensions
Specimen
Type A Type B
in. mm in. mm
G—Gage length 2.000 ± 0.005 50.0 ± 0.1 5 125
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E345–93(Reapproved 2002) Designation:E345–93(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods of
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature in thicknesses less than 0.006 in. (0.150
mm).
NOTE 1—Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in parentheses are for information
only.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3
E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials (Metric) 8/E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic
Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 252 Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin FoilSheet, and Film by WeighingMass Measurement
E 796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E 6 apply to the terms used in these methods
of tension testing.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information
may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility
of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the methods have been
used extensively for these purposes.
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility of materials through the measurement either of elongation or
reduction of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced, tension tests may become less useful for the determination of
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
´1
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993. Originally published as E345–68T. Last previous edition E345–87(1992) .
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 345 – 87 (2002).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 02.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E345–93 (2008)
ductility. For these purposes Test Method E 796 presents an alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machines—Machines used for tension testing shall conform to the requirements of Practices E 4. The loads used
in determining tensile strength, yield strength, and yield point shall be within the verified loading range of the testing machine as
defined in Practices E 4.
5.2 Gripping Devices:
5.2.1 General—Various types of gripping devices may be us
...
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