ASTM E1914-07
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation of Methods for Chemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Practice for Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation of Methods for Chemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2016)
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the use of terms and concepts relating to the development and evaluation of method performance in determining the chemical composition of metals and related materials. Analytical science deals with the development and use of methods for chemical composition determination of materials. Chemical analysis is the application of written analytical methods. Analytical method development consists of selecting chemical and physical systems that respond to a specific analyte in a defined suite of material types which shall have the following desirable properties: accuracy and precision. Statistics deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of numerical data sets. Statistical terms include: arithmetic average or mean; standard deviation; precision; B-value; total error which is the statistical sum of random and systematic errors; detection limit; interlaboratory study which is a statistically designed demonstration of the actual performance of an analytical method; analysis of variance; and repeatability and reproducibility indices.
SCOPE
1.1 This document covers terms and concepts used in developing and evaluating the performance of methods for determining chemical composition. Although useful with many types of methods, they are dealt with in this document in the context of chemical analysis of metals and related materials.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This document covered terms and concepts used in developing and evaluating the performance of methods for determining chemical composition.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials, this practice was withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1914 − 07
StandardPractice for
Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation
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of Methods for Chemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM methods for determining the chemical composition of materials usually are developed in
four stages: (1) experimental development of procedures and techniques, (2) translation of research
into text suitable for analysts (in ASTM format), (3) demonstration of performance in an interlabo-
ratory study (ILS), and (4) acceptance as a method published for use in laboratories. Details of the
development processes may be complex, but the common concepts and terms needed to discuss them
are relatively simple. The concepts must be carefully defined and terms selected to represent them
unambiguously in the intended contexts.
Alist of terms and definitions does not guarantee clear communication. Many terms have different
common and technical meanings while representing different concepts when used in various contexts.
The use of important terms and concepts in the context of methods of chemical analysis is illustrated
by descriptions and by examples to help task group and subcommittee members communicate clearly.
1. Scope 4. Analytical Science and Analytical Methods
1.1 This document covers terms and concepts used in
4.1 Analytical science deals with the development and use
developing and evaluating the performance of methods for
of methods for determining chemical composition of materials.
determiningchemicalcomposition.Althoughusefulwithmany
Chemical analysis is the application of written analytical
types of methods, they are dealt with in this document in the
methods.
context of chemical analysis of metals and related materials.
4.2 Analytical method development consists of selecting
chemical and physical systems that respond to a specific
2. Referenced Documents
analyte in a defined suite of material types. The purpose is to
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
define a process that produces a physical change proportional
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
to analyte content unaffected by other sample components.The
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
measurementsystem(instrument)yieldsanumericalresultthat
E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
represents the quantity of analyte. A good analytical method
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
has the following desirable properties:
E1763 Guide for Interpretation and Use of Results from
4.2.1 Accuracy—When a method is applied to materials
Interlaboratory Testing of Chemical Analysis Methods
containing various quantities of analyte, it has the property of
accuracy if results equal the numerical values of the analyte
3. Terminology
contents. This property relates solely to a method’s average
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
response at each analyte level, ignoring random statistical
Practice, refer to Terminology E135.
fluctuations of individual results. Actual methods are never
known to be perfectly accurate and this term is usually used in
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical arelativesensetocomparedifferentmethodsorthebehaviorof
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
a single method under different conditions.
Subcommittee E01.22 on Laboratory Quality.
4.2.2 Precision—When a method is applied a number of
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
times to a homogeneous sample, it has the property of
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1914 – 98 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/E1914-07.
precision if the result is always the same. This property relates
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
solely to time-related variations in the response of a method
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
and ignores systematic (averaged) differences between results
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and analyte content that may occur at various analyte levels.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1914 − 07
Actual methods are never perfectly precise and this term is “systematic,” total error is the statistical sum of random error
usuallyusedinarelativesensetocomparedifferentmethod
...
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