ASTM A181/A181M-06
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the carbon steel forgings used for general-purpose piping. Two classes of material are covered, Classes 60 and 70, and classified according to their mechanical properties. Except for flanges of all types, up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too rapid cooling from the rolling or forging while passing through critical range. Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited, but when applied, it shall consist of tempering, annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering. Heat analysis shall be made to determine the percentage of the following elements: carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. The mechanical properties of the material shall conform to the required tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A 266/A 266M.
1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance with their mechanical properties as specified in .
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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Designation: A181/A181M – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA181/A181M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
2 Pressure Vessel Components
1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged fit-
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
tings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forg-
quirements
ings made to this specification are limited to a maximum
A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered
Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping
to Specification A266/A266M.
Applications
1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as
Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accor-
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information
dance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1.
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
the requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M, including any
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
furnished to inch-pound units.
A961/A961M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi-
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
cation.
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
the needed material. Examples of such information include but
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
are not limited to the ordering information in Specification
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
A961/A961M and the following:
cation.
3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2, 12.1, and
3
12.2).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
with the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4. Materials and Manufacture
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. 4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar,
approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A181/A181M – 01.
provided that the axial length of the part is approximately
DOI: 10.1520/A0181_A0181M-06.
2
parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts,
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-181 in Section II of that Code.
excluding flanges of all types, up to and including NPS 4 may
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. from bar stock.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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A181/A181M – 06
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product shall be
aforgingasdefinedintheTerminologysection(exclusively)of Class 60 Class 70
Specification A788/A788M.
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 70 [485]
A
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 30 [205] 36 [250]
4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, % 22 18
submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the
Reduction of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A 181/A 181M–01 Designation: A181/A181M – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA181/A181M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings made
to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A
266/A 266MA266/A266M.
1.2 Two gradesclasses of material are covered, designated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance
with their chemical composition and mechanical properties as specified in 5.1 and 6.11.3Class 60 was formerly designated Grade
I and Class 70 was formerly designated Grade II. .
1.4This1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5The1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A788788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A961Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
2.2 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-502.00 Primary Metals Identification TagApplication Standard 961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements
for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 961A 961A961/A961M,
including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of
Specification A 961A 961A961/A961M constitutes non-conformance with this specification.
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the needed
material. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the ordering information in Specification A 961A
961A961/A961M and the following:
3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and
3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.2).
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of SpecificationA961A961A961/A961M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar, provided
that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts, excluding flanges of all
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally published as A 181–35. Last previous edition A 181/A 181M–00.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A181/A181M – 01. DOI:
10.1520/A0181_A0181M-06.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-181 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 01.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
...
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