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ASTM D97-16

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum specimen is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product.2 A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears as Test Method D2500.  
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated Test Method D97 pour point measurements.  
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point of crude oils is described in Test Method D5853.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2015
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D97 − 16
Designation: 15/95
Standard Test Method for
1
Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD97;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any
2 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
petroleum product. Aprocedure suitable for black specimens,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cylinderstock,andnondistillatefueloilisdescribedin8.8.The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now
appears as Test Method D2500.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Method D97 pour point measurements.
D117Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative proce-
for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
dures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
areavailable.Noneofthemsharethesamedesignationnumber
D2500Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used,
D5853Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils
the ASTM test method designation number specific to the
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
testing the pour point of crude oils is described inTest Method
Lubricants
D5853.
D7962Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this ment Drift
standard. E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E644Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
mometers
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
E1137SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
mometers
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
4
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma- 2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
3. Terminology
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
3.1 Definitions:
may be prohibited by law.
3.1.1 black oil, n—lubricant containing asphaltic materials.
Blackoilsareusedinheavy-dutyequipmentapplications,such
1 as mining and quarrying, where extra adhesiveness is desired.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
3
approved in 1927, replacing D47. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D97–15. DOI: 10.1520/D0097-16. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965. the ASTM website.
2 4
Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR,
insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D117. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D97−16
3.1.2 cylinder stock, n—lubricant for independently lubri- 4. Summary of Test Method
cated engine cylinders, such as those of steam engines and air
4.1 After preliminary heating, the sample is cooled at a
compressors. Cy
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D97 − 15 D97 − 16
Designation: 15/95
Standard Test Method for
1
Pour Point of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D97; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens,
cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now
appears as Test Method D2500.
1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated Test Method D97 pour point measurements.
1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are
available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM
test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point
of crude oils is described in Test Method D5853.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D5853 Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measurement Drift
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2016. Published November 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 1927, replacing D47. Last previous edition approved
in 20122015 as D97 – 12.D97 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D0097-15.10.1520/D0097-16.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.
2
Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D117.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D97 − 16
4
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 black oil, n—lubricant containing asphaltic materials. Black oils are used in heav
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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