ASTM D6807-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Reverse Osmosis Permeates from2 to 100 S/cm
Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Reverse Osmosis Permeates from2 to 100 S/cm
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
CEDI devices can be used to produce deionized water from feeds of pretreated water. This test method permits the measurement of key performance capabilities of CEDI devices using a standard set of conditions. The data obtained can be analyzed to provide information on whether changes may have occurred in operating characteristics of the device independently of any variability in feed water characteristics or operating conditions. Under specific circumstances, the method may also provide sufficient information for plant design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating characteristics of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) devices, indicative of deionization performance when a device is applied to production of highly deionized water from the product water of a reverse osmosis system. This test method is a procedure applicable to feed waters containing carbonic acid and/or dissolved silica and other solutes, with a conductivity range of approximately 2 to 100 microsiemens-cm-1.
1.2 This test method covers the determination of operating characteristics under standard test conditions of CEDI devices where the electrically active transfer media therein is predominantly regenerated.
1.3 The method is not necessarily indicative of:
1.3.1 Long term performance on feed waters containing foulants and/or sparingly soluble solutes;
1.3.2 Performance on feeds of brackish water, sea water, or other high salinity feeds;
1.3.3 Performance on synthetic industrial feed solutions, pharmaceuticals, or process solutions of foods and beverages; or,
1.3.4 Performance on feed waters less than 2 S/cm, particularly performance relating to organic solutes, colloidal or particulate matter, or biological or microbial matter.
1.4 The test method, subject to the limitations described, can be applied as either an aid to predict expected deionization performance for a given feed water quality, or as a method to determine whether performance of a given device has changed over some period of time. It is ultimately, however, the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for their specific applications.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6807–02
Standard Test Method for
Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization
Systems on Reverse Osmosis Permeates from
2 to 100 µS/cm
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6807; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oper- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ating characteristics of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) D 513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Diox-
devices, indicative of deionization performance when a device ide in Water (Method A or B)
is applied to production of highly deionized water from the D 859 Test Method for Silica in Water
product water of a reverse osmosis system. This test method is D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
a procedure applicable to feed waters containing carbonic acid sistivity of Water (Method B)
and/or dissolved silica and other solutes, with a conductivity D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
-1
range of approximately 2 to 100 microsiemens-cm . D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water (Method B)
1.2 This test method covers the determination of operating D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
characteristics under standard test conditions of CEDI devices Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water
where the electrically active transfer media therein is predomi- D 4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
nantly regenerated. verse Osmosis Devices (Method B)
1.3 The method is not necessarily indicative of:
3. Terminology
1.3.1 Long term performance on feed waters containing
foulants and/or sparingly soluble solutes; 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in
these test methods, refer to Terminology D 1129.
1.3.2 Performance on feeds of brackish water, sea water, or
other high salinity feeds; 3.2 For descriptions of terms relating to reverse osmosis,
refer to Test Methods D 4194.
1.3.3 Performance on synthetic industrial feed solutions,
pharmaceuticals, or process solutions of foods and beverages; 3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
or, 3.3.1 cell—an independently fed chamber formed by two
adjacent ion exchange membranes, or by a membrane and an
1.3.4 Performance on feed waters less than 2 µS/cm, par-
ticularly performance relating to organic solutes, colloidal or adjacent electrode.
3.3.2 continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) device—a de-
particulate matter, or biological or microbial matter.
1.4 The test method, subject to the limitations described, vice that removes ionized and ionizable species from liquids
using electrically active media and using an electrical potential
can be applied as either an aid to predict expected deionization
performance for a given feed water quality, or as a method to to influence ion transport, where the ionic transport properties
of the active media are a primary sizing parameter. CEDI
determine whether performance of a given device has changed
over some period of time. It is ultimately, however, the user’s devices typically comprise semi-permeable ion exchange
membranes and permanently charged ion exchange media.
responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for their
specific applications. Examples include continuous deionization, electrodiaresis, and
packed-bed or filled-cell electrodialysis.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to 3.3.3 current effıciency—the ratio, expressed in percent, of
the net transfer of ionized and ionizable solutes per unit cell
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to within a CEDI device, expressed in chemical equivalents
transferred per unit time, to the number of coulombs trans-
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ferred from an external DC power source to each electrode
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Exchange Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D6807–02
pair, expressed in faradays per unit time. Calculation of current recirculation line with shut off valve from the pump discharge
efficiency is described in 9.2. to the tank may be incorporated as required for proper pump
operation.
4. Summary of Test Method 6.1.3 Adjustment of feed water solute concentration is not
required.Adjust feed water pHas required by the manufacturer
4.1 This test method is used to determine performance
of the CEDI device. Feed water to the CEDI device must be
capabilities of CEDI devices with regard to extent of ion
monitoredforsoluteconcentrations,pH(TestMethodD 1293),
removal, pressure/flow relationships and electrical power con-
and temperature. Solute concentration may be monitored via
sumption at standard or nominal operating conditions, electri-
electrical conductivity or resistivity (Test Method D 1125)in
cal current characteristics, and the relative ability of the device
combination with silica (Test Method D 513) and carbon
to remove ionized and ionizable species when fed reverse
dioxide (Test Method D 859) concentration measurement, or
osmosis permeate water. On this type of feed, there is consid-
alternately may be monitored for individual ionic species and
erable water splitting and ion-exchange resin regeneration,
dissolved carbon dioxide and silica, depending on the feed
causing certain species to become ionized within the device,
water supplied to the tank and the solutes of interest.
either by the electromotive force or a localized pH shift. The
6.1.4 Feed water provided to the CEDI device should be
method is applicable to both new and used devices.
plumbedasspecifiedbythesupplier,withappropriateflowand
4.2 Pressurelossdataisobtained.Thisinformationprovides
pressure controls, internal recirculations, drains, interlocks,
information relating to possible particulate plugging, fouling,
safety controls, and other features as required. Pressure at the
or internal damage of the device. Deionization performance,
inlet and outlet and flow rates of each the streams of interest
extent of silica and dissolved carbon dioxide removal, concen-
must be monitored (for example, deionized water stream,
trating stream pH, and applied voltage are determined at a
concentrate stream, and electrode feed stream).
predetermined level of electrical current transfer. The ohmic
6.1.5 The CEDI device should be powered as specified by
(electrical) resistance is determined. This information in com-
the supplier, with equipment and wiring to provide appropriate
bination with concentrating stream pH provides basic design
supply DC voltage and amperage, controls, interlocks, ground-
and performance information.
ing, and safety features. Supply voltage and supply amperage
to the CEDI device should be monitored at positions within the
5. Significance and Use
device or device assembly as specified by the supplier.
6.1.6 Streams leaving the CEDI device may be returned to
5.1 CEDI devices can be used to produce deionized water
from feeds of pretreated water. This test method permits the thetankviareturnlines.Alternately,oneormoreofthestreams
may be sent either completely or partially to drain via
measurement of key performance capabilities of CEDI devices
using a standard set of conditions. The data obtained can be appropriate valving if such operation provides easier control of
desiredfeedwaterconditions.Theoutletdeionizationstreamis
analyzed to provide information on whether changes may have
occurred in operating characteristics of the device indepen- monitored for the same solutes as for the feed water.The outlet
concentrating stream is also monitored for the same solutes as
dently of any variability in feed water characteristics or
for the feed water. Control of temperature is not required. For
operatingconditions.Underspecificcircumstances,themethod
CEDI devices with internal recirculation and “feed and bleed”
may also provide sufficient information for plant design.
features, solute concentrations must be measured at locations
that are indicative of conditions within the CEDI module prior
6. Apparatus
to mixing of recirculation flows.
6.1 Description:
6.1.7 Feed water to the tank of the test apparatus shall be
6.1.1 The test apparatus is schematically represented in Fig.
prepared using reverse osmosis apparatus. The pretreatment
1. Feed water to the apparatus may be passed through a heat
requirements for the RO are optional depending on the
exchanger and/or other accessories to modify and/or control
application, but should, at minimum, conform to the manufac-
feed water temperature as desired. Alternately, data obtained
turer’s specifications for the particular system.
from the operation of the apparatus may be normalized for
6.2 Installation:
temperature if normalization factors are known.
6.2.1 Materials of construction shall be as specified by the
6.1.2 Feed water to the apparatus enters a holding tank
supplier of the CEDI device and in conformance to standard
(open or vented) of volume sufficient to maintain good control
engineering practice.
of water level and solute concentrations. The tank is unpres-
6.2.2 Controls and monitors should be calibrated and main-
surized, ported to be capable of occasional cleanings or
tained according with suppliers requirements and standard
sanitizations, and incorporates needed safety features such as
engineering practice.
high temperature and overflow protection. The tank also
7. Reagents
incorporates a drain valve. During operation of the apparatus,
the drain valve may be used in combination with a valve 7.1 Specific chemical reagents are not required for this test
controlling the rate of feed water to the apparatus to aid in method. However, chemical modification such as pH adjust-
control of solute concentrations, water level, and temperature ment, addition of trace solutes, and the addition of dissolved
within the tank. The tank supplies water to a recirculation carbon dioxide may be applicable under certain circumstances.
pump designed to feed water to the CEDI device at a flow rate Unless
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