ASTM D5443-14

Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
4.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2014
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5443 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type
Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-
1
Dimensional Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins,
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic
Analytical Standards
hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or
D5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum
less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and
Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chroma-
less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if
tography
present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated
included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics
Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels
boilingatC andabovearereportedasasinglearomaticgroup.
9
by Gas Chromatography
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual
3. Summary of Test Method
components except for benzene and toluene that are the only
C and C aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the
6 7 3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chro-
only C naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single
matographicsystemcontainingaseriesofcolumnsandswitch-
5
hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.
ing valves. As the sample passes through a polar column, the
polar aromatic compounds, bi-naphthenes, and high boiling
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures
(>200 °C) paraffins and naphthenes are retained. The fraction
including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted,
not retained elutes to a platinum column, that hydrogenates
alkylated and blended naphtha.
olefins,ifpresent,inthisfraction,andthentoamolecularsieve
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
column which performs a carbon number separation based on
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
molecular structure, that is, naphthenes and paraffins. The
standard.
fraction remaining on the polar column is further divided into
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.
three separate fractions that are then separated on a non-polar
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
column by boiling point. Eluting compounds are detected by a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
flame ionization detector.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 The mass concentration of each group is determined by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the multiplication of detected peak areas by flame ionization
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
detector response factors and normalization to 100 %.
tionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.
3.3 This test method provides limited identification of
individual hydrocarbon components. Test Method D5134 may
2. Referenced Documents
be used to obtain speciation of a number of individual
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
compounds. For samples containing olefins, Test Method
D6839 provides carbon number distributions of hydrocarbon
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on types (PIONA).
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
4. Significance and Use
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved June 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
4.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refin-
ε1
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5443 – 04 (2009) .
ery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.
DOI: 10.1520/D5443-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
mandate. This test method can be used to provide such
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. information.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5443 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) D5443 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type
Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200°C 200 °C by
1
Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Updated vendor and product footnotes editorially in December 2009.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic
hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200°C 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200°C
200 °C and less than 270°C 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates
are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C and above are reported as a single aromatic group.
9
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C
6
and C aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane,cyclopentane that is the only C naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a
7 5
single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 mass %.% by mass.
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted,
alkylated and blended naphthas.naphtha.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas
Chromatography
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chromatographic system containing a series of columns and switching
valves. As the sample passes through a polar column, the polar aromatic compounds, bi-naphthenes, and high boiling (>200°C)
(>200 °C) paraffins and naphthenes are retained. The fraction not retained elutes to a platinum column, that hydrogenates olefins,
if present, in this fraction, and then to a molecular sieve column which performs a carbon number separation based on molecular
structure, that is, naphthenes and paraffins. The fraction remaining on the polar column is further divided into three separate
fractions that are then separated on a non-polar column by boiling point. Eluting compounds are detected by a flame ionization
detector.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009June 15, 2014. Published February 2010September 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
ε1
as D5443D5443 – 04 (2009) –04. DOI: 10.1520/D5443-04R09E01.10.1520/D5443-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5443 − 14
TABLE 1 Hydrocarbon Test Mixture
Hydrocarbons Warning
Cyclopentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Pentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful
...