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ASTM E1726-21

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis

Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is a need to monitor the lead content in and around buildings and related structures in order to determine the potential lead hazard. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of their lead content.  
5.2 This practice may be used for the digestion of soil samples that are collected during various construction and renovation activities associated with lead abatement in and around buildings and related structures. The practice is also suitable for the digestion of soil samples for lead analyses collected from other locations, such as near roads and steel structures.  
5.3 This practice is intended to be used to prepare samples that have been collected for hazard assessment purposes.  
5.4 This practice is not capable of determining lead bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid.  
5.5 This practice includes drying and homogenization steps in order to help assure that reported lead results are representative of the sample and are independent of potential differences in soil moisture levels among different sampling locations or changing weather conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples using a hot plate type method for the determination of lead using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).  
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test Method 3050.  
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2021
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.12 - Sampling and Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1726 − 21
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate Digestion for
1
Subsequent Lead Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1726; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and acid
Atmospheres
digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC)
E288 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks
samples using a hot plate type method for the determination of
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
lead using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques
3
2.2 U.S. Government Analytical Method:
such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrom-
U.S. EPA SW 846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste
etry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Physical/Chemical Methods
(FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
4
(GFAAS). 2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO Guide 30 Terms and Definitions Used in Connection
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test
with Reference Materials
Method 3050.
ISO 1042 Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are
flasks
not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.
ISO 8655 Piston-operated volumetric apparatus — Part 1:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Terminology, general requirements and user recommen-
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are dations
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to the
preparation of dried paint samples that are not given here, refer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- to Terminologies D1129, D1356,or E1605.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.1 batch, n—a group of field or quality control samples
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- that are processed together using the same reagents and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- equipment.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 digestate, n—the acidified aqueous solution that re-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sults from digestion of the sample.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.3 digestion, n—high temperature sample preparation
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
process that involves chemical breakdown to solubilize tar-
geted analytes present in a sample, to result in an acidified
2. Referenced Documents
aqueous solution called the digestate.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 method blank, n—a sample, devoid of analyte, that is
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
analyzyed to determine its contribution to the total blank
(background) reading.
1 3.1.5 non-spiked sample, n—a sample, devoid of analyte,
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling andAnalysis that is targeted for addition of analyte but is not fortified with
of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
all target analytes prior to sample preparation.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as E1726 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/E1726-21.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://www.gpo.gov.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1726 − 21
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Analysis results for this sample are tative of the sample and are indepen
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1726 − 20 E1726 − 21
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Soil Samples by Hotplate Digestion for
1
Subsequent Lead Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1726; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples
using a hot plate type method for the determination of lead using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test Method 3050.
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
E288 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
3
2.2 U.S. Government Analytical Method:
U.S. EPA SW 846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and Analysis of
Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2021. Published September 2020October 2021. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20162020
as E1726 – 16.E1726 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/E1726-20.10.1520/E1726-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://www.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1726 − 21
4
2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO Guide 30 Terms and Definitions Used in Connection with Reference Materials
ISO 1042 Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric flasks
ISO 8655 Piston-operated volumetric apparatus — Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user recommendations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to the preparation of dried paint samples that are not given here, refer to
Terminologies D1129, D1356, or E1605.
3.1.1 batch, n—a group of field or quality control samples that are processed together using the same reagents and equipment.
3.1.2 digestate, n—the acidified aqueous solution that results from digestion of the sample.
3.1.3 digestion, n—high temperature sample preparation process that involves chemical breakdown to solubilize targeted analytes
present in a sample, to result in an acidified aqueous solution called the digestate.
3.1.4 method blank, n—a sample, devoid of analyte, that is analyzyed to determine its contribution to the total blank (background)
reading.
3.1.5 non-spiked sample, n—a sample, devoid of analyte, that is targeted for addition of analyte but is not fortified with all target
analytes prior to sample preparation.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
Analysis results for this
...

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1.1 This test method2 presents a procedure for sampling and determination of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmospheres.  
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5.1 This practice is for use in the preparation of no more than four wipe samples combined to form a composited sample for subsequent determination of lead content.  
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5.1 This practice is for use in the preparation of no more than four wipe samples collected from equally-sized areas in the same space combined to form a composited sample for subsequent determination of lead content.  
5.2 This practice assumes use of wipes that meet Specification E1792 and should not be used unless the wipes meet Specification E1792.  
5.3 This practice is capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within paint dust.  
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5.5 Adjustment of the nitric acid concentration or acid strength, or both, of the final extract solution may be necessary for compatibility with the instrumental analysis method to be used for lead quantification.  
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Standard Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead

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5.1 This practice is intended for the digestion of lead in dust wipe samples collected during various lead hazard activities performed in and around buildings and related structures.  
5.2 This practice is also intended for the digestion of lead in dust wipe samples collected during and after building renovations.  
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5.5 Digestates prepared according to this practice are intended to be analyzed for lead concentration using spectrometric techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Methods E1613, E3193, and E3203), or using electrochemical techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry (see Practice E2051).  
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1.1 This practice covers the acid digestion of surface dust samples (collected using wipe sampling practices) and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of lead.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophotometric Analysis for Lead

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4.1 This guide is intended for use in evaluating the performance of field-portable electroanalytical or spectrophotometric devices for lead determination, or both.  
4.2 Desired performance criteria for field-based extraction procedures are provided.  
4.3 Performance parameters of concern may be determined using protocols that are referenced in this guide.  
4.4 Example reference materials to be used in assessing the performance of field-portable lead analyzers are listed.  
4.5 Exhaustive details regarding quality assurance issues are outside the scope of this guide. Applicable quality assurance aspects are dealt with extensively in references that are cited in this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for determining the performance of field-portable quantitative lead analysis instruments.  
1.2 This guide applies to field-portable electroanalytical and spectrophotometric (including reflectance and colorimetric) analyzers.  
1.3 Sample matrices of concern herein include paint, dust, soil, and airborne particles.  
1.4 This guide addresses the desired performance characteristics of field-based sample extraction procedures for lead, as well as on-site extraction followed by field-portable analysis.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1792-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for wipe sampling materials that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead. The wipes shall be tested for conformance to background lead, lead recoverability, collection efficiency, ruggedness which shall be determined using butted vinyl-composite floor tiles as a test surface, moisture content, coefficient of variation in mass, linear dimensions such as mean area and mean length, and mean thickness requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead.  
1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of beryllium in surface dust refer to Specification D7707. This is mentioned to insure that users of wipes recognize that there is some relationship between the analytical backgrounds found in wipes and the analyte of interest.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6785-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Workplace Air Using Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The health of workers in many industries, for example, mining, metal refining, battery manufacture, construction, etc., is at risk through exposure by inhalation of particulate lead and lead compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposure, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This standard has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for lead. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers, etc. It has been assumed in the drafting of this standard that the execution of its provisions, and the interpretation of the results obtained, is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.  
6.2 The measuring procedure shall comply with any relevant International, European or National Standard that specifies performance requirements for procedures for measuring chemical agents in workplace air (for example, ISO 20581).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air.  
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling.  
1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (10.2). The sample dissolution procedure is not effective for all lead compounds (see Section 5). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein. For example if it is desired to determine silicate lead, a hydrofluoric acid dissolution procedure is required.  
1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 to 200 μg of lead per sample, without dilution (1).2 The graphite furnace atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0.01 to 0.5 μg of lead per sample, without dilution (1).  
1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 to 100 μg of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples  (2).  
1.6 The concentration range for lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see Section 9).  
1.7 Anions that form precipitates with lead may interfere, but this potential interference is overcome by the addition of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) when necessary.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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