ASTM B1024/B1024M-23

Standard Specification for Isotropic Pure Molybdenum

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers monolithic forms of unalloyed molybdenum.  
1.2 Grade 1 (UNS R03610)—Unalloyed monolithic forms molybdenum.  
1.3 Grade 2 (UNS R03610)—Unalloyed monolithic forms molybdenum.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
• Technical Committee: B10 - Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B10.04 - Molybdenum and Tungsten

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-24 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-15 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2015
• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-13 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-11 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM E29-08 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E29-06b - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06a - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-04 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Refers: ASTM E29-02e1 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 10-May-2002
• Refers: ASTM E29-93a(1999) - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Overview

ASTM B1024/B1024M-23: Standard Specification for Isotropic Pure Molybdenum defines the requirements for monolithic forms of unalloyed molybdenum, specifying both Grade 1 and Grade 2 (UNS R03610). This international standard is managed by ASTM’s Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys, and ensures material consistency, mechanical integrity, and chemical purity for critical applications. The specification supports both SI and inch-pound unit systems, providing clear guidance on how each must be applied independently for conformance.

Isotropic pure molybdenum under this standard is manufactured via conventional powder metallurgical techniques-including pressing, sintering, and high-temperature processing-resulting in solid forms such as rods, plates, and billets. Applications demanding high ductility, isotropy, and purity rely on conformance to this standard for performance and safety.

Key Topics

• Material Grades: Defines two grades of pure isotropic molybdenum, both registered under UNS R03610, differing in processing requirements and mechanical properties.
• Manufacturing Process: Specifies use of conventional powder metallurgical processes (pressing, sintering, compaction, high-temperature treatment) to achieve monolithic, isotropic material structure.
• Chemical Composition: Outlines strict limits for carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, nickel, and silicon content; the balance is molybdenum. Heat and check analysis protocols are defined to ensure conformity at all production stages.
• Mechanical Properties: Details yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness requirements for each grade, verified through tension and other mechanical tests at defined strain rates.
• Dimensional Tolerances: Requires products to be supplied with rough machined surfaces, conforming to ISO 2768 general tolerances for consistent dimensions and quality.
• Workmanship and Quality: Sets acceptance criteria for surface finish, appearance, and the presence of imperfections. Allows agreed removal of surface flaws without breaching dimensional tolerance.
• Certification, Marking, and Packaging: Mandates comprehensive reporting, marking, and robust packaging practices to ensure traceability and safe delivery.

Applications

ASTM B1024/B1024M-23 is widely used to specify isotropic pure molybdenum for critical structural and functional components in:

• Aerospace and Defense: For parts requiring high-temperature resistance, strength, and stability.
• Electronics and Semiconductors: Substrates, contacts, and filaments that depend on molybdenum’s isotropic electrical and thermal properties.
• Nuclear Industry: Components in reactor environments where high purity and resistance to radiation damage are essential.
• Industrial Furnace Construction: Heating elements and structural supports needing exceptional ductility and dimensional stability at elevated temperatures.
• Research and Development: Providing baseline specification for high-performance, high-purity molybdenum in experimental apparatus.

These industries rely on the stringent chemical and mechanical requirements outlined in ASTMB1024/B1024M-23 to ensure product reliability and safety in the most demanding conditions.

Related Standards

• ASTM E8/E8M - Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials: Specifies test procedures referenced for verifying mechanical properties.
• ASTM E29 - Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data: Guides rounding and reporting of observed data values.
• ISO 2768 - General Tolerances: Establishes dimensional tolerance requirements for machined forms.
• ASTM B387 - Specification for Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire (often referenced for similar product forms).

By aligning with ASTM B1024/B1024M-23 and its related standards, manufacturers and end-users can ensure that isotropic pure molybdenum materials meet global requirements for performance, traceability, and consistency. This contributes to operational reliability across high-tech, scientific, and industrial sectors requiring specialized refractory metals.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B1024/B1024M − 23
Standard Specification for
Isotropic Pure Molybdenum
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B1024/B1024M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 2768 General Tolerances Package
1.1 This specification covers monolithic forms of unalloyed
molybdenum.
3. Terminology
1.2 Grade 1 (UNS R03610)—Unalloyed monolithic forms
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
molybdenum.
3.1.1 batch, n—for chemical composition, the ingots ob-
tained from a single blend of powder sintered together under
1.3 Grade 2 (UNS R03610)—Unalloyed monolithic forms
the same conditions.
molybdenum.
3.1.2 batch, n—for mechanical property measurement, the
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
product manufactured from ingots sintered from a single
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
powder lot in a single sintering run in the same furnace and,
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
when required, in a single post-sintering thermal treatment.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.3 monolithic form, n—any form with a cross section up
used independently of the other, and values from the two
to a maximum of 156 000 mm [242 in.] and a length of
systems shall not be combined.
1000 mm [39 in.].
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4. Ordering Information
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Orders for material produced to this specification shall
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
include the following information as applicable:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Product form and grade (Section 5) and metallurgical
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
condition (Section 7),
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1.2 Mechanical requirements (Section 8) and tolerances
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
(Section 9),
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1.3 Workmanship and quality level requirements (Section
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 10),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1.4 Disposition of rejected material (Section 13),
4.1.5 Certification and reports (Section 14),
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.6 Marking (Section 15), and
4.1.7 Packaging (Section 16).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
5. Materials and Manufacture
terials
5.1 The molybdenum product covered by this specification
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
shall be manufactured by conventional powder metallurgical
Determine Conformance with Specifications
processes such as powder compaction, pressing, sintering, and
high-temperature thermal processing.
5.1.1 Material Grades:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
5.1.2 Grade 1—The molybdenum product of Grade 1 shall
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
be manufactured by conventional powder metallurgical pro-
Subcommittee B10.04 on Molybdenum and Tungsten.
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published May 2023. DOI: 10.1520/ cesses such as powder compaction, pressing, and sintering.
B1024_B1024M-23
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
the ASTM website. Floor, New York, NY 10036, www.ansi.org.
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B1024/B1024M − 23
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Check Analysis
5.1.3 Grade 2—The molybdenum product of Grade 2 shall
be manufactured by conventional powder metallurgical pro- Check Analysis Permissible
Material
Limits, Variations in
cesses such as powder compaction, pressing, sintering, and
Number
Maximum or Check Analysis,
(R03610)
additional post-sintering high-temperature thermal processing.
Range, % %
C 0.010 +0.002
O 0.0070 +10 % relative
6. Chemical Composition
N 0.0020 +0.0005
Fe 0.010 +10 % relative
6.1 The molybdenum ingots and billets for conversion to
Ni 0.005 +10 % relative
finished products covered by this specification shall conform to
Si 0.010 +0.002
the requirements of chemical composition prescribed in Table
1.
TABLE 3 Mechanical Requirements
6.2 Heat Analysis:
6.2.1 Heat analysis is made by the manufacturer of the metal
Yield
Diamond
Tensile Strength, Elongation
of a representative sample of powder from a single powder
Pyramid
Material Strength, 0.2 % in 20 mm
Hardness
blend sintered together under the same conditions.
Grade min, MPa Offset, [0.8 in.],
(DPH),
[ksi] min, MPa min, %
6.2.2 Heat analysis shall be as specified in Table 1.
10 kg, min
[ksi]
6.2.3 The manufacturer shall not ship material that is
Grade 1 370 [54] 260 [38] 10 150
outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable type
UNS
(R03610)
with the exception of oxygen and nitrogen whose percentage
Grade 2 450 [65] 320 [46] 20 150
may vary with the method of fabrication.
UNS
(R03610)
6.3 Check Analysis:
6.3.1 Check analysis is an analysis made by the purchaser or
the manufacturer of the metal after it has been processed into
finished mill forms either for the purpose of verifying the 10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
composition of a heat or lot or to determine variations in the
10.1 Cracks, seams, slivers, blisters, burrs, and other inju-
composition within a heat or lot.
rious imperfections shall not exceed standards of acceptability
6.3.2 Check analysis tolerances do not broaden the specified
agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
heat analysis requirements but cover variations between labo-
10.2 Methods of testing for these defects and standards of
ratories in the measurement of chemical content.
acceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer
6.3.3 Check analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 2.
and the purchaser.
7. Metallurgical Condition
10.3 The manufacturer shall be permitted to remove surface
imperfections provided such removal does not reduce the
7.1 Products shall be delivered in the pressed and sintered
dimension below
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