ASTM D1188-96e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens
Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted bituminous mixtures as defined in Terminology E 12.
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2% of water by volume, or both, as determined by Section 8.
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 1188 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous
Mixtures Using Coated Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—The title of this standard was corrected editorially in April 1998.
1. Scope has no units, it must be converted to density when this type of
measurement is required. This conversion is made by multi-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
plying the specific gravity at a given temperature by the density
specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted
of water at the same temperature.
bituminous mixtures as defined in Terminology E 12.
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain
4. Apparatus
open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2 % of
4.1 Balance, with ample capacity, and with sufficient sensi-
water by volume, or both, as determined by Section 8.
tivity to enable bulk specific gravities to the specimens to be
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous
calculated to at least four significant figures, that is, to at least
mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the
three decimal places. It shall be equipped with a suitable
mixture.
apparatus to permit weighing the specimen while it is sus-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pended in water. The balance shall conform to Specification
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 4753 as a class GP2 balance.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.1 Since there are no more significant figures in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
quotient (bulk specific gravity) than appear in either the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dividend (the mass of the specimen in air) or in the divisor (the
2. Referenced Documents volume of the specimen, obtained from the difference in mass
of the specimen in air and in water), this means that the balance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
must have a sensitivity capable of providing both mass and
D 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
volume values to at least four figures. For example, a sensi-
D 1461 Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in
tivity of 0.1 g would provide four significant figures for the
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
determination of a mass in the range from 130.0 to 999.9 g
D 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
when the specific gravity is 2.300.
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
4.2 Water Bath, for immersing the specimen in water while
D 3203 Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted
suspended, equipped with either an overflow outlet for main-
Dense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures
taining a constant water level or an electronic tare feature on
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting and Speci-
the scale.
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock,
and Related Construction Materials
5. Materials
E 12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
4 5.1 Parafilm—Is an elastomeric film obtainable from most
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
scientific suppliers.
3. Significance and Use 5.2 Polyurethane Foam—A foam mat of a minimum of
50 3 50 cm (20 3 20 in.) shall be used for the working surface
3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air
by about 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick. Additionally, a minimum of
voids as given in Test Method D 3203. Since specific gravity
one foam pad with a size approximately equal to the top
surface dimensions of the sample shall be on hand.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
5.3 Calibration Cylinder—An approximately 100-mm (4-
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
in.) diameter by 60-mm (2.5-in.) smooth-sided aluminum
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1996. Published October 1996. Originally
cylinder.
published as D 1188 – 51. Last previous edition D 1188 – 89.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
6. Test Specimens
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. 6.1 Test specimens may be molded from laboratory-mixed
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1188
field samples or be cut from bituminous pavement in the field. the foam mat) place another piece of foam on top of the
Field samples should be obtained in accordance with Practice specimen that is approximately the same size and shape as the
D 979. specimen. Use another specimen of the same size to press
6.2 Size of Specimens—It is recommended, (1) that the down on top of the foam. This will eliminate the air pockets
diameter of cylindrically molded or cored specimens, or the from both surfaces.
length of the sides of sawed specimens be at least equal to four 8.2.7 Use a sharp knife to trim the excess film from the sides
times the maximum size of the aggregate; and (2) that the of the sample. Take care not to damage the sample. There
thickness of specimens be at least one and one half times the should be a minimum of 15 mm (approximately 0.5 in.) of film
maximum size of the aggregate. remaining on the side of the specimen at each end.
6.3 Take pavement specimens from pavements with a core 8.2.8 Next, peel the backing off of the remaining piece of
drill, diamond or Carborundum saw, or by other suitable film. Grasp the film at the ends and stretch out to about 400 mm
means. (16 in.).
6.3.1 Take care to avoid distortion, bending, or cracking of 8.2.9 Place one end of the stretched film on the side of the
specimens during and after removal from pavement or mold. specimen and roll it over so that the film is stretched tightly
Store specimens in a safe, cool place. over the surface.
6.3.2 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials such as 8.2.10 Fold and press the edges around and over the edges
seal coat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil. of the specimen.
When any of these materials are visually evident, they shall be 8.2.11 Determine the mass of the coated specimen in air.
removed in accordance with 6.3.3. Designate this mass as D.
6.3.3 If desired, specimens may be separated from other 8.2.12 Determine the mass of the coated specimen in a
pavement layers by sawing or other suitable means. water bath at 25°C (77°F). Designate this mass as E. Measure
the temperature of the water and if it is different from
7. Determine if Coating of Specimens is Needed
25°C 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F), a correction to the bulk specific
gravity to 25°C must be made in accordance with 10.3. If the
7.1 Determine the bulk specific gravity of the uncoated
temperature of the specimen differs from the temperature of the
specimen according to Test Method D 2726.
water bath by more than 2°C (3.6°F), the specimen shall be
7.2 Use the data collected in 7.1 to calculate the percent
immersed in the water bath for 10 to 15 min.
water absorbed by the specimen (on volume basis) as follows:
8.3 Apparent Specific Gravity of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.